Table 5.
Quantitative bone ultrasound, bone mineral density and volumetric bone mineral density for low and high lead dietary exposure (above or below the respective medians).
| Measurement | Low (<46.25 µg/day) | High (>46.25 µg/day) | p-Value | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (IQR) | Mean (IQR) | |||
| Quantitative bone ultrasound | ||||
| Ad-SoS (m/s) | 2037 (1994–2085.5) | 2042 (2007.25–2096) | 0.13 | |
| Bone mineral density (gr/cm2) | ||||
| BMD Femoral neck | 0.829 (0.766–0.913) | 0.835 (0.7745–0.898) | 0.943 | |
| BMD Femoral trochanter | 0.684 (0.608–0.737) | 0.669 (0.611–0.717) | 0.575 | |
| BMD Ward’s triangle | 0.609 (0.542–0.684) | 0.616 (0.544–0.679) | 0.934 | |
| BMD L2 | 1.032 (0.952–1.097) | 0.990 (0.936–1.053) | 0.008 | 0.056 |
| BMD L3 | 1.05 (0.975–1.125) | 1.03 (0.962–1.089) | 0.087 | |
| BMD L4 | 1.015 (0.943–1.104) | 0.995 (0.935–1.086) | 0.217 | |
| BMD lumbar spine | 1.027 (0.964–1.099) | 0.999 (0.949–1.07) | 0.052 | |
| Volumetric BMD (mg/cm3) | ||||
| Total density | 340.2 (307.2–376.9) | 334.8 (302.775–362.175) | 0.109 | |
| Trabecular density | 291.4 (266.8–318.7) | 299.7 (273.475–324.325) | 0.001 | 0.049 |
| Cortical density | 186.8 (163.7–210.85) | 171.15 (149.65–195.3) | 0.746 | |
| Bone morphometry (mm2) | ||||
| Total area | 130.9 (120.25–142.95) | 135.25 (123.6–145.9) | 0.333 | |
| Trabecular area | 460.1 (414.35–516.1) | 465.6 (417.6–503.875) | 0.269 | |
| Cortical area | 160.5 (146.975–173.625) | 165 (150.975–178.6) | 0.242 |
* After further adjustment by energy intake.