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. 2017 May 26;14(6):566. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060566

Table 4.

Multivariable linear regression models for predictors of BMI and WC by country income.

Variable Low- or Lower Middle-Income Country Upper Middle- or High-Income Country
Unadjusted Adjusted 1 Unadjusted Adjusted 1
Regression Coefficient (95% CI) Regression Coefficient (95% CI) Regression Coefficient (95% CI) Regression Coefficient (95% CI)
BMI
Sleep Duration
7–8 h Reference Reference Reference Reference
6 or less 0.32 (0.13, 0.51) *** 0.30 (0.11, 0.50) ** 0.31 (0.13, 0.51) ** 0.25 (0.03, 0.46) *
9 or more 0.13 (−0.14, 0.40) 0.11 (−0.16, 0.39) 0.21 (−0.10, 0.52) 0.24 (−0.07, 0.54)
Sleep Quality-Problem
None Reference Reference Reference Reference
Mild −0.17 (−0.40, 0.07) −0.48 (−0.82, −0.15) ** −0.53 (−0.77, −0.28) *** −0.28 (−0.61, 0.04)
Moderate −0.25 (−0.50, −0.002) * −0.53 (−0.88, −0.18) ** −0.05 (−0.31, 0.21) 0.27 (−0.09, 0.62)
Severe or Extreme 0.26 (−0.10, 0.62) −0.42 (−0.94, 0.10) −0.03 (−0.39, 0.34) 0.41 (−0.10, 0.91)
WC
Sleep Duration
7−8 hrs Reference Reference Reference Reference
6 or less 1.01 (0.52, 1.50) *** 1.03 (0.31, 1.75) ** −0.08 (−0.67, 0.51) −0.29 (−1.08, 0.51)
9 or more 0.56 (−0.12, 1.24) 0.16 (−0.97, 1.28) 0.13 (−0.69, 0.95) 0.30 (−0.80, 1.40)
Sleep Quality-Problem
None Reference Reference Reference Reference
Mild −0.76 (−1.32, −0.21) ** −1.19 (−2.03, −0.35) ** −0.46 (−1.14, 0.22) 0.27 (−0.64, 1.18)
Moderate −0.53 (−1.12, 0.06) −0.75 (−1.64, 0.14) 0.09 (−0.62, 0.80) 0.80 (−0.18, 1.77)
Severe or Extreme 0.58 (−0.26, 1.42) −0.43 (−1.75, 0.89) 1.54 (0.54, 2.53) ** 2.66 (1.27, 4.04) ***

1 Adjusted for sociodemographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status) and lifestyle factors (tobacco use, binge alcohol use, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, and depressive symptoms); *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.