Table 4.
Multivariable linear regression models for predictors of BMI and WC by country income.
| Variable | Low- or Lower Middle-Income Country | Upper Middle- or High-Income Country | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted 1 | Unadjusted | Adjusted 1 | |
| Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | Regression Coefficient (95% CI) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Sleep Duration | ||||
| 7–8 h | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 6 or less | 0.32 (0.13, 0.51) *** | 0.30 (0.11, 0.50) ** | 0.31 (0.13, 0.51) ** | 0.25 (0.03, 0.46) * |
| 9 or more | 0.13 (−0.14, 0.40) | 0.11 (−0.16, 0.39) | 0.21 (−0.10, 0.52) | 0.24 (−0.07, 0.54) |
| Sleep Quality-Problem | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mild | −0.17 (−0.40, 0.07) | −0.48 (−0.82, −0.15) ** | −0.53 (−0.77, −0.28) *** | −0.28 (−0.61, 0.04) |
| Moderate | −0.25 (−0.50, −0.002) * | −0.53 (−0.88, −0.18) ** | −0.05 (−0.31, 0.21) | 0.27 (−0.09, 0.62) |
| Severe or Extreme | 0.26 (−0.10, 0.62) | −0.42 (−0.94, 0.10) | −0.03 (−0.39, 0.34) | 0.41 (−0.10, 0.91) |
| WC | ||||
| Sleep Duration | ||||
| 7−8 hrs | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 6 or less | 1.01 (0.52, 1.50) *** | 1.03 (0.31, 1.75) ** | −0.08 (−0.67, 0.51) | −0.29 (−1.08, 0.51) |
| 9 or more | 0.56 (−0.12, 1.24) | 0.16 (−0.97, 1.28) | 0.13 (−0.69, 0.95) | 0.30 (−0.80, 1.40) |
| Sleep Quality-Problem | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mild | −0.76 (−1.32, −0.21) ** | −1.19 (−2.03, −0.35) ** | −0.46 (−1.14, 0.22) | 0.27 (−0.64, 1.18) |
| Moderate | −0.53 (−1.12, 0.06) | −0.75 (−1.64, 0.14) | 0.09 (−0.62, 0.80) | 0.80 (−0.18, 1.77) |
| Severe or Extreme | 0.58 (−0.26, 1.42) | −0.43 (−1.75, 0.89) | 1.54 (0.54, 2.53) ** | 2.66 (1.27, 4.04) *** |
1 Adjusted for sociodemographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status) and lifestyle factors (tobacco use, binge alcohol use, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, and depressive symptoms); *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.