Table 3.

Associations between parental practices on fruit juices and water consumption (high vs. low).

Parenting Practice	Odds Ratios (95% CI)
	Frequency Category 1	OR (95% CI)
Paying attention/monitoring	Low	0.92 (0.63–0.1.35)
	Moderate	0.57 (0.38–0.86) **
	High	Reference
Parental allowance (If child asks for fruit juices, the parent will allow)	Low	1.33 (0.86–2.07)
	Moderate	1.20 (0.88–1.64)
	High	Reference
Parental allowance (Child allowed to have fruit juices whenever (s)he wants)	Low	1.28 (0.92–1.78)
	Moderate	1.14 (0.82–1.58)
	High	Reference
Negotiate	Low	0.92 (0.68–1.23)
	Moderate	0.95 (0.66–1.36)
	High	Reference
Communicate health belief (Telling the child that fruit juices are not good for him/her)	Low	1.01 (0.72–1.41)
	Moderate	0.73 (0.50–1.07)
	High	Reference
Communicate health belief (Telling the child that fruit juices make her/him fat)	Low	0.80 (0.56–1.15)
	Moderate	0.63 (0.41–0.98) *
	High	Reference
Avoid negative modelling	Low	1.01 (0.72–1.44)
	Moderate	0.87 (0.55–1.39)
	High	Reference
(lack of) Parental efficacy	Low	1.83 (1.04–3.20) *
	Moderate	1.84 (0.92–3.53)
	High	Reference
Rewarding	Low	1.36 (0.61–3.03)
	Moderate	1.71 (0.67–4.38)
	High	Reference
Parents drinking fruit juices together with the child 2	Low	0.93 (0.66–1.30)
	Moderate	1.11 (0.73–1.69)
	High	Reference
Home availability	Low	1.08 (0.72–1.61)
	Moderate	0.93 (0.67–1.30)
	High	Reference

Notes: Binary logistic regression. All associations are adjusted for country level. ¹ Categories included in the frequencies: Low = (0) never–(1) not often, Moderate = (2) sometimes, High = (3) often–(4) always. ² Categories included in the frequencies: Low = (1) never–(3) once a week, Moderate = (4) 2–4 times a week, High = (5) 5–6 times a week–(7) every day, more than once a day. *^, **: significance at the level of 0.05 and 0.01 respectively.