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. 2017 May 31;14(6):583. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060583

Table 3.

Associations between parental practices on fruit juices and water consumption (high vs. low).

Parenting Practice Odds Ratios (95% CI)
Frequency Category 1 OR (95% CI)
Paying attention/monitoring Low 0.92 (0.63–0.1.35)
Moderate 0.57 (0.38–0.86) **
High Reference
Parental allowance (If child asks for fruit juices, the parent will allow) Low 1.33 (0.86–2.07)
Moderate 1.20 (0.88–1.64)
High Reference
Parental allowance (Child allowed to have fruit juices whenever (s)he wants) Low 1.28 (0.92–1.78)
Moderate 1.14 (0.82–1.58)
High Reference
Negotiate Low 0.92 (0.68–1.23)
Moderate 0.95 (0.66–1.36)
High Reference
Communicate health belief (Telling the child that fruit juices are not good for him/her) Low 1.01 (0.72–1.41)
Moderate 0.73 (0.50–1.07)
High Reference
Communicate health belief (Telling the child that fruit juices make her/him fat) Low 0.80 (0.56–1.15)
Moderate 0.63 (0.41–0.98) *
High Reference
Avoid negative modelling Low 1.01 (0.72–1.44)
Moderate 0.87 (0.55–1.39)
High Reference
(lack of) Parental efficacy Low 1.83 (1.04–3.20) *
Moderate 1.84 (0.92–3.53)
High Reference
Rewarding Low 1.36 (0.61–3.03)
Moderate 1.71 (0.67–4.38)
High Reference
Parents drinking fruit juices together with the child 2 Low 0.93 (0.66–1.30)
Moderate 1.11 (0.73–1.69)
High Reference
Home availability Low 1.08 (0.72–1.61)
Moderate 0.93 (0.67–1.30)
High Reference

Notes: Binary logistic regression. All associations are adjusted for country level. 1 Categories included in the frequencies: Low = (0) never–(1) not often, Moderate = (2) sometimes, High = (3) often–(4) always. 2 Categories included in the frequencies: Low = (1) never–(3) once a week, Moderate = (4) 2–4 times a week, High = (5) 5–6 times a week–(7) every day, more than once a day. *, **: significance at the level of 0.05 and 0.01 respectively.