Table 3.
Trajectories groups of depressive symptoms among the poor.
| High to Moderate | Slightly Increasing | Stable High | Steeply Increasing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Relative Risk Ratio | Coefficient | Relative Risk Ratio | Coefficient | Relative Risk Ratio | Coefficient | Relative Risk Ratio | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | −0.031 | 0.969 | −0.015 | 0.985 | −0.062 * | 0.940 | −0.060 ** | 0.942 |
| Education (≥7 years) | −0.051 | 0.951 | −0.524 *** | 0.592 | −0.727 | 0.483 | −0.064 | 0.938 |
| Income status (Wave 1) | −0.006 | 0.994 | −0.020 | 0.980 | −0.008 | 0.992 | −0.173 ** | 0.841 |
| Exit from poverty | 0.071 | 1.073 | −0.057 | 0.945 | −0.432 | 0.649 | −0.379 | 0.684 |
| Marital status (ref. constantly married) | ||||||||
| Constantly unmarried | 0.270 | 1.310 | 0.685 *** | 1.983 | 1.134 ** | 3.108 | 0.791 ** | 2.205 |
| Status changed | 0.768 | 2.154 | 0.634** | 1.885 | 1.968 ** | 7.155 | 1.040 * | 2.831 |
| Health factors | ||||||||
| Chronic diseases (ref. constantly no diseases) | ||||||||
| Constantly having diseases | 0.887 | 2.428 | 0.599 *** | 1.821 | 2.052 ** | 7.787 | 0.952 * | 2.591 |
| Status changed | −0.269 | 0.765 | 0.334 | 1.397 | 0.511 | 1.666 | 1.160 * | 3.189 |
| Functional disability (ref. constantly no disability) | ||||||||
| Constantly having disability | −0.046 | 0.955 | 0.163 | 1.177 | 0.602 | 1.825 | 1.465 ** | 4.328 |
| Increase | 0.468 | 1.596 | 0.153 | 1.166 | 0.863 * | 2.371 | 2.241 *** | 9.404 |
| Decrease | −0.253 | 0.776 | −0.111 | 0.895 | −0.392 | 0.676 | 0.390 | 1.476 |
| Cognition (ref. constantly normal) | ||||||||
| Constantly low and dementia risk | 1.409 * | 4.093 | −0.958 *** | 2.606 | 1.964 ** | 7.129 | 1.831 *** | 6.242 |
| Improved | 1.361 * | 3.900 | 0.313 | 1.367 | 0.164 | 1.179 | −0.362 | 0.696 |
| Declined | 0.937 | 2.551 | 0.921 *** | 2.511 | 0.915 | 2.498 | 1.615 ** | 5.027 |
| Social factors | ||||||||
| Social participation (ref. constantly participated) | ||||||||
| Constantly non-participated | −0.084 | 0.919 | 0.135 | 1.145 | −0.322 | 0.724 | 0.992 ** | 2.696 |
| Increased | −0.035 | 0.965 | 0.311 | 1.365 | −0.771 | 0.462 | 0.771 | 2.161 |
| Decreased | −0.214 | 0.807 | 0.009 | 1.009 | −0.405 | 0.667 | 1.389 *** | 4.011 |
| Contact frequency with close social network (ref. no change) | ||||||||
| Increased | −0.323 | 0.724 | −0.253 | 0.777 | −0.564 | 0.569 | −0.264 | 0.768 |
| Decreased | −0.158 | 0.854 | 0.163 | 1.177 | −0.119 | 0.888 | 0.565 * | 1.759 |
| W1 depression | 1.014 *** | 2.757 | 0.127 *** | 1.135 | 0.891 *** | 2.438 | 0.034 | 1.034 |
Note: Significance level of p-value * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Reference group: Stable low.