Table 1.

Major mycotoxins and US and EU limits on food and animal feed levels.

Mycotoxin	Fungal Species	Food Commodity	US FDA (µg/kg)	EU (EC 2006) (µg/kg)
Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2	Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus parasiticus	Maize, wheat, rice, peanut, sorghum, pistachio, almond, ground nuts, tree nuts, figs, cottonseed, spices	20 for total	2–12 for B1 4–15 for total
Aflatoxin M1	Metabolite of aflatoxin B1	Milk, milk Products	0.5	0.05 in milk 0.025 in infant formulae and infant milk
Ochratoxin A	Aspergillus ochraceus Penicillium verrucosum Aspergillus carbonarius	Cereals, dried vine fruit, wine, grapes, coffee, cocoa, cheese	Not set	2–10
Fumonisins B1, B2, B3	Fusarium verticillioides Fusarium proliferatum	Maize, maize, products, sorghum, asparagus	2000–4000	200–1000
Zearalenone	Fusarium graminearum Fusarium culmorum	Cereals, cereal products, maize, wheat, barley	Not set	20–100
Deoxynivalenol	Fusarium graminearum Fusarium culmorum	Cereals, cereal products	1000	200–50
Patulin	Penicillium expansum	Apples, apple juice, and concentrate	50	10–50