| PXRF | Portable X-ray fluorescence |
| ICP–AES | Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry |
| PTEs | Potentially toxic trace elements |
| GIS | Geographic information systems |
| HH | A high concentration value with a high z-score |
| LH | A low concentration value with a high z-score |
| LL | A low concentration value with a low z-score |
| HL | A high concentration value with a low z-score |