Table 2.
Impact of the neighborhood food environment on food consumption: Multivariate model (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence interval) (N = 199).
| Independent Variables | Food | Beverages | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits (2+/Day) (55.8%) | Vegetables (2+/Day) (45.0%) | Sweets (1+/Day) (64.3%) | Juice (2+/Day) (67.8%) | Milk (2+/Day) (47.2%) | Soda (1+/Day) (37.6%) | |
| I: Child: Age | ||||||
| 4–6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7–9 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.2) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) |
| 10–14 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) ** | 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.5) **** | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) |
| I: Child: Sex | ||||||
| Male | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Female | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) |
| HH: Mother: Marital status | ||||||
| Not married, cohabiting | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Married, cohabiting | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 2.0 (0.9, 4.1) | 2.1 (1.0, 4.6) | 2.3 (1.0, 5.2) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) |
| HH: Mother: Education | ||||||
| Less than high school | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| High school (or GED) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) ** | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) *** |
| More than high school | 0.6 (0.3, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.6) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) ** | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) *** | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) |
| HH: Number of children | ||||||
| 1–2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3+ | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.2) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) |
| HH: Public assistance | ||||||
| No | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.9 (1.0, 3.7) | 2.3 (1.2, 4.5) ** | 1.7 (0.8, 3.4) | 2.5 (1.1, 5.4) ** | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.7) |
| HH: Cook dinner at home | ||||||
| 0–4 times/week | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5+ times/week | 1.5 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.5) ** | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) ** |
| N: Small store | ||||||
| No | † | † | † | † | † | † |
| Yes | ||||||
| N: Supermarket | ||||||
| No | † | † | † | † | † | † |
| Yes | ||||||
| N: Fast food | ||||||
| No | † | – | † | † | † | † |
| Yes | 0.35 (0.1, 0.8) ** | |||||
† Food access variables were not significant in bivariate models and because key exposures of interest, therefore not included in multivariate analyses presented. **** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; I: Individual, HH: Household, N: Neighborhood.