Table 3.

lncRNAs targeting special targets in autophagy.

Name	Accession noa.	Disease phenotype	Regulation	Mechanism	Refs
APF	GEO profile: AK079427	myocardial infarction	upregulate	Binds MIR188–3p to affect ATG7 expression	104
TGFB2-OT1 (FLJ11812)	HGNC_ID: 50629	inflammation	—	Binds MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459 to target ATG13, CERS1, NAT8L and LARP1	39,222
PTENP1	HGNC_ID: 9589	hepatocellular carcinoma	downregulate	Represses oncogenic PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and elicit autophagy via sequestering MIR17, MIR19B and MIR20Ain vitro	97
NBR2	HGNC_ID: 20691	human cancers	downregulate	Induced by the STK11-AMPK pathway under energy stress and interacts with AMPK to promotes kinase activity in turn	223,224
PVT1	HGNC_ID: 9709	diabetes	upregulate	unknown	225
MEG3	HGNC_ID: 14575	mycobacterial infection bladder cancer	downregulate	Linked to MTOR activity and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to regulate autophagy	99,226
PCGEM1	HGNC_ID: 30145	osteoarthritis	upregulate	Increases the expression of ATG12, ATG5, ATG3 and BECN1	227
BANCR	HGNC_ID: 43877	papillary thyroid carcinoma	upregulate	unknown	228
GAS5	HGNC_ID: 16355	osteoarthritis non-small cell lung cancer	upregulate	Acts as a negative regulator of MIR21 in autophagy	229,230
Chast	Ensembl_ID: ENSMUST00000130556	cardiovascular	downregulate	Impedes Plekhm1 to autophagy inhibition and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy	101
H19	HGNC_ID:4713	diabetic cardiomyopathy	downregulate	Regulates DIRAS3 expression and promote MTOR phosphorylation to inhibit autophagy as cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose	231
loc146880	HGNC_ID:28630	lung cancer	upregulate	PM2.5 exposure induces ROS, which activates loc146880 expression, and the lncRNA upregulates autophagy in return	232
HOTAIRM1	HGNC_ID: 37117	myeloid differentiation	upregulate	Acts as a miRNA sponge in a pathway that included MIR20A, MIR106B, MIR125B and their targets ULK1, E2F1 and DRAM2.	233
AlncRNA	—	hepatocellular carcinoma	upregulate	Targets multiple miRNAs including MIR21, MIR153, MIR216A, MIR217, MIR494 and MIR10A-5p	234
MALAT1	HGNC_ID:29665	hepatocellular carcinoma aggressive pancreatic cancer	upregulate	EPAS1/HIF-2α-MALAT1-MIR216B axis regulating MDR of HCC cells via modulating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma and via HuR-TIA-1-mediated autophagy activation in aggressive pancreatic cancer	235,236
AK156230	GEO profile: AK156230	mouse embryonic fibroblasts	upregulate	unknown	237
HOTAIR	HGNC_ID: 33510	hepatocellular carcinoma	upregulate	Activates autophagy by increasing ATG3 and ATG7 expression	238
HNF1A-AS1	HGNC_ID: 26785	hepatocellular carcinoma	upregulate	Acts as an oncogene in tumor growth and apoptosis through sponging tumor-suppressive MIR30B-5p (MIR30B) and derepress BCL2	207

^aEnsembl Genome Browser, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)