Table 2.
Characteristics and associated risk factors for upgrade diagnosis HGD to EGC in univariate and multivariate analysis (non-cancer, n = 143/EGC, n = 284)
| Variables | Non-cancer, n (%) | EGC, n (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |||
| Age >60 | 86 (60.1) | 196 (69.0) | 1.476 | 0.971–2.244 | 0.068 | 1.477 | 0.887–2.457 | 0.134 |
| Mean age [year ± (SD)] | 62.69 ± 8.74 | 64.66 ± 8.32 | ||||||
| Male gender | 106 (74.1) | 231 (81.3) | 1.521 | 0.943–2.455 | 0.085 | 1.164 | 0.631–2.147 | 0.628 |
| HP infection | 81 (56.6) | 167 (58.8) | 1.093 | 0.728–1.640 | 0.670 | 1.082 | 0.657–1.783 | 0.758 |
| Gross type | ||||||||
| Elevated (ref.) | 57 (39.9) | 70 (24.6) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Flat | 49 (34.3) | 84 (29.6) | 1.396 | 0.850–2.293 | 0.187 | 1.031 | 0.531–2.003 | 0.928 |
| Depressed | 37 (25.9) | 130 (45.8) | 2.861 | 1.726–4.744 | <0.001 | 1.975 | 1.001–3.897 | 0.050 |
| Central depression | 39 (27.3) | 173 (60.9) | 4.156 | 2.681–6.443 | <0.001 | 4.151 | 2.340–7.363 | <0.001 |
| Nodular surface | 26 (18.2) | 150 (52.8) | 5.123 | 3.157–8.313 | <0.001 | 5.582 | 3.230–9.649 | <0.001 |
| Surface redness | 51 (35.7) | 164 (52.8) | 2.465 | 1.627–3.735 | <0.001 | 2.926 | 1.747–4.901 | <0.001 |
| Ulcer | 27 (18.9) | 46 (16.2) | 0.830 | 0.491–1.403 | 0.487 | 0.358 | 0.184–0.694 | 0.002 |
| SM fibrosis | 22 (15.4) | 70 (24.6) | 1.799 | 1.061–3.052 | 0.028 | 1.238 | 0.655–2.339 | 0.511 |
| Tumor location | ||||||||
| Lower (ref.) | 127 (88.8) | 232 (81.7) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Upper | 4 (2.8) | 22 (7.7) | 3.011 | 1.015–8.929 | 0.038 | 3.894 | 1.110–13.666 | 0.034 |
| Middle | 12 (8.4) | 30 (10.6) | 1.369 | 0.677–2.766 | 0.381 | 1.604 | 0.714–3.601 | 0.252 |
| Size >10 mm | 58 (40.6) | 171 (60.2) | 2.218 | 1.472–3.341 | <0.001 | 2.287 | 1.387–3.770 | 0.001 |
| Mean size [mm ± (SD)] | 10.52 ± 7.30 | 13.01 ± 8.39 | ||||||
HGD, high-grade dysplasia; EGC, early gastric cancer; SM, submucosa; HP, Helicobacter pylori