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. 2017 May 15;117(7):1277–1285. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3641-x

Table 3.

Nutrients and resulting energy equivalents of oxygen and carbon dioxide when metabolized (Brouwer 1957)

Nutrient Oxygen (kJ/l) Carbon dioxide (kJ/l)
Carbohydrate 21.1 21.1
Protein 18.7 23.4
Fat 19.6 27.8