Table 4.
Typical cases of SC-induced motor vehicle collisions
| Case | yymm | Age | Case history | Symptoms | Laboratory results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1205 | 25 | A driver smoked ‘Super Zeus’ twice 1.8 km before the collision. The car made a jump-start reaching 114 km/h at a crossing on a red-light. Two cars were damaged, and 5 persons were injured | The driver had blurred vision and a dull headache 0.9 km before the accident. After the crash, he looked excited with abnormal postures. Driver had no memory of the crash | MAM-2201 and AM-2232 were detected in the herbal mixture. AM-2232 was detected from the blood sample |
| 2 | 1210 | 31 | A high school girl was hit by a car with her bicycle on a crosswalk and died. There was no sign of braking. The road was simply straight | The driver confessed to the use of a herbal mixture while driving. He had a reddened face, looked agitated, and then ran away from inspection | MAM-2201 was detected in the herbal mixture |
| 3 | 1304 | 41 | While driving a sports car, the driver smoked a pinch of herbal blend.Then 5–10 min later, the driver was alerted by a horn. After 5 min, the car crashed into the narrow space between the leading vehicles. Five cars were damaged and six persons were injured | The driver looked emotionless. He kept flooring the accelerator pedal even after the crash, and the tires were melted down. Driver had no memory of the crash | 5F-PB-22 and PB-22 were detected in the herbal material. Blood and urine samples were not taken |
| 4 | 1306 | 24 | Driver was a long-term abuser. On a one-lane roadway, his car suddenly went straight into the opposite lane. Two cars suffered frontal collisions, and two persons were injured | Driver lost consciousness. His eyes rolled up, and he made groaning sounds. Driver recovered after 3.5 h, but had no memory of the crash | 5F-PB-22 (0.274 ng/mL) was detected in the blood sample taken 45 min after the car crash |
| 5 | 1309 | 38 | A driver had been using herbal drugs for two years. His car ran onto the sidewalk at a speed of 20 km/h and hit 4 persons without braking | Even after the crash, the driver did not step off the accelerator pedal, but kept on moving the steering wheel and gear lever in a stereotyped manner. Driver had no memory of abnormal driving | 5F-PB-22 and NNE-1 were detected in the herbal material. Blood was sampled 17 h after the crash, and 0.39 ng/mL 5F-PB-22 was detected |
| 6 | 1401 | 29 | A driver received a parcel containing a herbal drug at a post office and immediately smoked in his car. Six minutes after smoking, his car went straight on a curve road at 36 km/h and drove into the opposite lane. A child walking on the opposite sidewalk after the school was hit and the child died | The driver kept grasping the steering wheel and did not respond to bystanders’ shouts. Driver had no interest in the car crash. Emergency crew identified traces of vomiting. After 25 min, the driver recovered and could walk by himself. He had no memory of the crash | 5F-AB-PINACA was detected in the herbal mixture, but not in the blood sample taken after 49 h after the crash |
| 7 | 1402 | 37 | Two persons smoked herbal drugs while driving a sports utility vehicle. When a police patrol car followed their car at a red crossing signal, the car suddenly ran away into the narrow space between the leading vehicles. Ten cars were damaged and 12 persons were injured | The driver exhibited impaired consciousness with slow movements. His reaction turned to ‘crazy’ excitation and agitation during inspection by police. Driver had no memory of the crash but could recall the place of smoking | FUB-PB-22 (1.74 ng/mL) was detected from a blood sample taken 75 min after the crash. In addition, 5F-AMB, THJ-2201, and AMB were detected in the herbal mixture |
| 8 | 1404 | 28 | A driver was a long-term abuser. He ignored a red light at 80 km/h and caused successive vehicle collisions. Eight persons were injured | The driver was awake but motionless, and he did not respond for 10 min. He started moving 15 min after the crash and responded by talking thereafter. Driver had no memory of the crash | 5F-AMB was detected in the herbal mixture and in the blood sample taken 14 h after the crash (but was not quantified) |
| 9 | 1405 | 19 | Two persons took turns smoking herbal blends while driving. At a crossing, the car suddenly jump-started into the opposite lane, reaching 100 km/h. The car drove more than 100 m and caused several head-on crashes one after another. One young man was killed and two persons were injured | Driver exhibited impaired consciousness with drooling and a heart rate of 123 beats/min. Driver had no memory of the jump-start but he remembered smoking. The passenger ran away | 5F-AMB was detected in urine samples of the driver and passenger |
| 10 | 1406 | 37 | On a busy downtown street, a car drove on a wide sidewalk for 30 m and hit many walkers one after another until it was stopped by collision with a telephone booth. One young lady was killed and seven persons were injured | Driver lost consciousness and was drooling. He had no memory of what occurred after smoking | 5F-AMB and AB-CHMINACA were detected in the herbal mixture. In addition, 5F-AB-PINACA was detected in the urine sample |
| 11 | 1407 | 26 | An unlicensed driver smoked while driving. Five minutes later, his car began weaving and was accelerated to 80 km/h. The car successively hit a motorbike and several cars, and it was stopped by collision with a lamppost on the sidewalk. Three persons were injured. The entire proceeding was recorded in a dashboard camera | Driver was found wandering around the car with impaired consciousness. He had no memory of driving from 2 min before the car started weaving | 5F-AMB (0.07 ng/mL) and FUB-PB-22 (0.79 ng/mL) were detected in the blood sample taken 10 h after the crash. In the urine, 5F-AMB and THC were detected |
| 12 | 1409 | 30 | The driver was a long-term abuser for more than 3 years and never experienced memory loss. However, after a brief smoking of ‘Heart Shot Red’, he lost memory. Within 5 min, his car crashed into a parked car | Driver lost consciousness, but recovered within an hour. He had a heart rate of 106 beats/min with tachypnea 13 min after the crash | 5F-ADB was detected in the urine, saliva and hair. 4F-α-PHPP was detected in the blood |
yymm first two figures show the year and last two the month