TABLE 2.
Risk of smoking-related cancer when family members were diagnosed with lung cancer and risk of lung cancer when family members were diagnosed with smoking-related cancer
| Cancer site | Negative family history | One cancer case in the family | At least two cancer cases in the family | Trend test p-value | ||
| Cases | RR (95% CI) | Cases | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Risk for discordant cancer | ||||||
| Upper aerodigestive tract | 8025 | 630 | 1.39# (1.23–1.57) | 42 | 2.55# (1.61–4.04) | <0.0001§ |
| Oesophagus | 2547 | 195 | 1.34# (1.17–1.54) | 11 | 2.02+ (1.14–3.57) | <0.0001§ |
| Stomach | 5048 | 358 | 1.28¶ (1.08–1.52) | 13 | 1.27 (0.53–3.04) | 0.0066§ |
| Colorectum | 33 315 | 1972 | 1.07+ (1.01–1.13) | 73 | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 0.0129§ |
| Liver | 5506 | 369 | 1.23¶ (1.09–1.40) | 18 | 1.62 (0.94–2.82) | 0.0004§ |
| Pancreas | 6147 | 424 | 1.25# (1.10–1.41) | 20 | 1.59 (0.91–2.77) | 0.0002§ |
| Cervix | 8427 | 497 | 1.16¶ (1.05–1.28) | 26 | 1.83¶ (1.20–2.80) | 0.0005§ |
| Ovary | 9406 | 546 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 18 | 0.98 (0.61–1.59) | 0.1948 |
| Kidney | 8843 | 583 | 1.25# (1.14–1.38) | 14 | 0.83 (0.46–1.51) | <0.0001§ |
| Urinary bladder | 12 984 | 894 | 1.22# (1.09–1.36) | 47 | 1.74+ (1.08–2.80) | 0.0002§ |
| Leukaemia | 14 028 | 587 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 19 | 0.95 (0.59–1.52) | 0.4591 |
| CUP | 8469 | 663 | 1.43# (1.25–1.65) | 39 | 2.29¶ (1.33–3.96) | <0.0001§ |
| Risk for lung cancer | ||||||
| Upper aerodigestive tract | 23 775 | 597 | 1.40# (1.27–1.55) | 5 | 1.11 (0.38–3.26) | <0.0001§ |
| Oesophagus | 24 130 | 243 | 1.55# (1.31–1.83) | 4 | 6.59¶ (1.81–24.00) | <0.0001§ |
| Stomach | 23 526 | 834 | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 17 | 1.27 (0.53–3.06) | 0.6576 |
| Colorectum | 22 113 | 2159 | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 105 | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 0.0674 |
| Liver | 23 727 | 639 | 1.21# (1.09–1.33) | 11 | 2.06 (0.98–4.35) | 0.0001§ |
| Pancreas | 23 777 | 592 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 8 | 1.24 (0.48–3.22) | 0.0831 |
| Cervix | 23 879 | 494 | 1.38# (1.23–1.55) | 4 | 1.93 (0.55–6.80) | <0.0001§ |
| Ovary | 23 881 | 492 | 1.11 (1.00–1.25) | 4 | 0.89 (0.26–3.02) | 0.0691 |
| Kidney | 23 701 | 666 | 1.17¶ (1.05–1.31) | 10 | 1.33 (0.56–3.19) | 0.0041§ |
| Urinary bladder | 23 290 | 1061 | 1.24# (1.12–1.36) | 26 | 1.47 (0.80–2.70) | <0.0001§ |
| Leukaemia | 23 820 | 543 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 14 | 1.74 (0.88–3.45) | 0.4233 |
| CUP | 23 531 | 835 | 1.32# (1.21–1.45) | 11 | 1.67 (0.77–3.62) | <0.0001§ |
RR: relative risk; CUP: cancer of unknown primary. #: significantly increased RR at the two-sided 0.1% level; ¶: significantly increased RR at the two-sided 1% level; +: significantly increased RR at the two-sided 5% level; §: statistically significant.