Table 4.
Summary of SES – CVD life course studies using a social trajectory design
|
1st Author, year & reference number Study name |
SES measures | Variables adjusted for other than age | CVD risk factor(s) / outcomes measured |
| Kaplan 1971 [76] Evans County Heart Study |
Early-life: father's occup (7 groups); Early Adult & Adult: occup & social class (5 classes) | None | MI, chronic IHD, AP, sudden death |
| Gillum 1978 [77] Harvard Alumni Cohort |
Early-life: by parental occup (blue/white collar); Adult: assumed to be at least middle class | A confounder summarizing score | AP, HTN, fatal or non-fatal CHD or MI |
| Burr 1980 [49] South Wales hospital cohort |
Father's occup (RG, 3 groups), father unemployed (> than 1 year), family size, current occup (RG, 3 groups) | None | Survived MI |
| Wadsworth 1985 [72] British 1946 Birth Cohort |
Early-life: index of father's occup and parents' edu; Adult: occup (RG), employment & edu for women | Smoking, edu, father's CVD, BMI, more | SBP, DBP |
| Faresjo 1994 [78] Swedish Study of Men Born in 1913 |
Early-life: father's SES (3 groups) by occup, social class; Adult: same; all mobility relative to child SES | SBP, cholesterol, smoking | MI |
| Lynch 1994 [38] Kuopio Study |
Early-life: SES index (3 groups); Adult: current income (2 groups) | None | CVD mortality |
| Blane 1996 [64] Collaborative Study |
Early-life: father's occup (RG, 4 groups); Adult: occup (RG, 4 groups) | BMI, cholesterol, DBP, smoking, activity, FEV1 | BMI, cholesterol, DBP, smoking, activity, FEV1 |
| Hart 1998 [75] Collaborative Study |
Early-life: father's occup (mnl/non-mnl); Labor force entry: occup (mnl/non-mnl); Adult: occup (mnl/non-mnl), area deprivation index | Smoking, DBP, cholesterol, FEV1, angina, ischemia | CVD mortality & risk factors listed |
| Davey Smith 1998 [44] Collaborative Study |
Early-life: father's occup: (RG, mnl/non-mnl); Adult: occup: (RG, mnl/non-mnl) | Smoking, DBP, BMI, area deprivation, more | Mortality from CHD & stroke |
| Poulton 2002 [73] Dunedin Multidisciplinary Study |
Early-life: parental occup (6 groups) at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 & 15 years; Adult: current occup (3 groups) | Infant health index, gender, adult SES | BMI, WHR, SBP, smoking, alcohol dependence |
| Pensola 2003 [79] Finnish census cohort |
Early-life: father's occup (mnl vs. non-mnl); Adult: current occup (mnl vs. non-mnl) | None | CVD mortality |
AP = Angina pectoris; BMI = Body mass index; CHD = Coronary heart disease; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; Edu = Education; FEV1 = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HTN = Hypertension; IHD = Ischemic heart disease; MI = Myocardial infarction; Mnl = Manual occupational class; Non-mnl = Non-manual occupational class; Occup = Occupation; RG = Registrar General's social class categories; SBP = Systolic blood pressure; WHR = Waist-to-hip ratio.