Table 1.
Numbers (N), percentages (%), crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% C.I.) of suicide in antidepressant users in the 730 days prior to index date. Data are provided according to antidepressant classes (Model 1) and specific antidepressants (Model 2). Statistically significant ORs and 95% C.I.s are highlighted in bold
| Cases (n = 876) | Controls (n = 4380) | Crude suicide risk | Adjusted suicide riske,f | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | OR | 95% C.I. | OR | 95% C.I. | |
| Model 1 | ||||||||
| Affective disordersa | 53 | 6.0 | 13 | 0.3 | 23.6 | 12.3–45.2 | 10.5 | 5.2–21.2 |
| Non-affective disordersa | 107 | 12.2 | 62 | 1.4 | 9.4 | 6.8–13.0 | 7.0 | 4.9–10.0 |
| Somatic disordersa | 389 | 44.4 | 2321 | 53.0 | 0.7 | 0.6–0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5–0.7 |
| Switches | 139 | 15.9 | 537 | 12.2 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.7 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 |
| Combinations | 359 | 41.0 | 1283 | 29.3 | 1.8 | 1.5–2.1 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.7 |
| SSRI | 827b | 94.4 | 3987b | 91.0 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.3 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.2 |
| SNRI | 610b | 69.6 | 2788b | 63.6 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 |
| TCA | 451b | 51.5 | 2005b | 45.8 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Other | 452b | 51.6 | 1912b | 43.6 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Model 2 | ||||||||
| Switches | 414 | 47.3 | 1777 | 40.6 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.6 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 |
| Combinations | 523 | 59.7 | 1971 | 45.0 | 2.0 | 1.7–2.3 | 1.7 | 1.4–2.2 |
| Paroxetine | 623 | 71.1 | 2918 | 66.6 | 1.2 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
| Sertraline | 535 | 61.1 | 2415 | 55.4 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
| Citalopram | 534 | 61.0 | 2355 | 53.8 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Escitalopram | 501 | 57.2 | 2151 | 49.1 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.7 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 |
| Fluoxetine | 298 | 34.0 | 1364 | 31.1 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.1 |
| Fluvoxamine | 131 | 14.9 | 586 | 13.4 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 |
| Venlafaxine | 520 | 59.4 | 2418 | 55.2 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
| Duloxetine | 354 | 40.4 | 1496 | 34.2 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Amitriptiline | 328 | 37.4 | 1239 | 32.8 | 1.2 | 1.1–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.2 |
| Clomipramine | 238 | 27.2 | 1084 | 24.7 | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 |
| Nortriptiline | 34 | 3.9 | 134 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.9 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.6 |
| “Other TCA”c | 51 | 5.8 | 189 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 1.0–1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 |
| Trazodone | 300 | 34.2 | 1277 | 29.2 | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9–1.3 |
| Mirtazapine | 207 | 23.6 | 754 | 17.2 | 1.5 | 1.3–1.8 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 |
| Reboxetine | 67 | 7.6 | 294 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 |
| Bupropion | 60 | 6.8 | 232 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 |
| Mianserin | 47 | 5.4 | 202 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 |
| “Other”d | 4 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 0.9–11.8 | 3.7 | 1.0–13.7 |
AD antidepressants, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI serotonergic noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, TCA tricyclics, Other “other” antidepressants
aCrude and adjusted ORs are shown only in Model 1
bThe sum is lower than the sum of patients within each specific antidepressant, due to switches and combinations
cTrimipramine, imipramine,desipramine, dosulepine, maprotiline
dAdemetionin, phenelzine
eAdjusted for AD classes, switches to other AD classes, combinations with other AD classes, affective psychiatric disorders, non-affective psychiatric disorders and somatic disorders (Model 1)
fAdjusted for switches to other AD, combinations with other AD, affective psychiatric disorders, non-affective psychiatric disorders and somatic disorders (Model 2)