TABLE 1.

Summary of the “identity across levels” studies. In the identity condition the distractor word (e.g., rose) corresponds to the identity of the picture target (“rose”) and the response is located at a different level of categorisation (e.g., “flower”). In the unrelated condition the distractor word (e.g., car) is semantically unrelated to the target picture. The reported data corresponds to the condition SOA –0 ms, see main text for details. Effect size corresponds to RTs_{Identity condition} minus RTs_{Unrelated condition}

Task	Target (preferred name)	Response	Identity condition	Unrelated condition	Effect size (ms)	Study
Categorisation	Flower	“Plant”	Flower	Car(active category)	−13	Lupker & Katz (1981) Exp.2
Categorisation	Flower	“Plant”	Flower	Car(inactive category)	−12	Lupker & Katz (1981) Exp.2
Categorisation	Flower	“Plant”	Flower	Car	16	Glaser & Düngelhoff (1984) Exp.2
Subordinate	Rose	“Rose”	Flower	Car	−45	Vitkovitch & Tyrrel (1999) Exp.2
Basic	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Flower”	Rose	Jeep	42	Hantsch et al. (2005) Exp.1
Basic	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Flower”	Rose	Jeep	39	Hantsch et al. (2005) Exp.2
Subordinate	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Rose”	Flower	Car	28	Hantsch et al. (2005) Exp.3
Subordinate	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Rose”	Flower	Car	18	Hantsch et al. (2009) Exp.1
Subordinate	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Rose”	Flower	Car	25	Hantsch et al. (2009) Exp.2
Subordinate	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Rose”	Flower	Car	2	Hantsch et al. (2009) Exp.3
Subordinate	Flower(picture of a rose)	“Rose”	Flower	Car	−14	Hantsch et al. (2009) Exp.4
Basic	Rose	“Flower”	Rose	Jeep	14	Hantsch & Madebach (2013)