Table 1.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Main Variables
| Female M (SD) | Male M (SD) | t-value | African American M (SD) | European American M (SD) | t-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supportive | 3.87 (0.78) | 3.72 (0.71) | 3.08** | 3.78 (0.80) | 3.84 (0.64) | −1.24 |
| Unsupportive | 2.21 (0.65) | 2.38 (0.64) | −4.13*** | 2.35 (0.71) | 2.21 (0.54) | 3.46** |
| Heart rate, baseline | 75.81 (11.75) | 69.35 (12.54) | 8.28*** | 71.77 (12.64) | 73.64 (12.20) | −2.20* |
| Heart rate, preparation | 88.15 (15.17) | 79.00 (15.07) | 9.44*** | 81.56 (15.22) | 87.14 (16.21) | −5.26*** |
| Heart rate, speech | 93.69 (18.85) | 83.88 (17.86) | 8.31*** | 85.61 (17.78) | 94.66 (19.79) | −6.92*** |
| Heart rate, math | 89.42 (17.80) | 80.86 (16.22) | 7.82*** | 83.16 (17.09) | 88.71 (17.73) | −4.68*** |
| Heart rate, recovery | 78.94 (13.35) | 72.11 (13.38) | 7.93*** | 74.23 (13.78) | 77.75 (13.45) | −3.76*** |
| SBP, baseline | 121.69 (15.99) | 128.88 (20.13) | −6.16*** | 126.43 (18.19) | 123.56 (18.73) | 2.29* |
| SBP, preparation | 133.06 (20.30) | 143.35 (23.75) | −7.26*** | 138.48 (22.02) | 138.22 (23.55) | 0.17 |
| SBP, speech | 139.85 (24.66) | 150.60 (28.37) | −6.31*** | 145.03 (25.99) | 146.12 (28.74) | −0.59 |
| SBP, math | 138.47 (23.77) | 150.43 (27.93) | −7.18*** | 144.07 (26.31) | 146.08 (27.08) | −1.11 |
| SBP, recovery | 131.02 (19.90) | 139.68 (21.59) | −6.49*** | 136.11 (21.16) | 134.44 (21.16) | 1.15 |
| AUCG | 11.30 (9.15) | 13.83 (8.10) | −4.43*** | 11.10 (7.31) | 14.90 (9.99) | −5.95*** |
| AUCI | 1.40 (5.38) | 3.43 (6.35) | −5.19*** | 1.61 (4.96) | 3.68 (6.90) | −4.71*** |
| Effort mobilization | 3.55 (1.09) | 3.59 (1.03) | −0.48 | 3.53 (1.12) | 3.65 (0.94) | −1.77 |
| Negative emotions | 2.80 (1.06) | 2.38 (0.97) | 6.41*** | 2.79 (1.09) | 2.24 (0.85) | 8.50*** |
Note: Supportive - supportive parental responses to child emotions; Unsupportive - unsupportive parental responses to child emotions; SBP - systolic blood pressure; AUCG – area under the curve, ground; AUCI – area under the curve, increase.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001