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. 2017 Jun 28;11:172. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00172

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Copyright © 2017 Xiong, Liu, Lu, Zhao, Dong, Liu, Zhang, Zhang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of the whole experiment. Following hSCI, tree shrew exhibited a severe dysfunction in locomotor movement. However, transplantation of BMSCs with high capacity of proliferation resulted in a significant functional improvement. After that, morphological remodeling resulted from reduction of scar formation and inflammation as well as cell apoptosis may be the underlying mechanism of behavioral improvement. Furthermore, CNTF-regulated STAT3 signaling may be the potential molecular events. In all, they eventually partly reverse the dysfunction and improve neural behavior.