Table 1.

Endemic regions, natural habitats and risk factors of exposure to endemic mycoses.

	Phylum	Order	Endemic regions	Animal hosts	Disease in human
Coccidioides immitis, C. posadasii	Ascomycota	Onygenales	Southwestern USA, northern Mexico, Central and South America	Non-human primates, domesticated or wide mammals, dogs, cats, horses, llamas, snakes	Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P. lutzii	Ascomycota	Onygenales	South America	Domesticated and wild animals (monkeys and armadillos), dogs	Paracoccidioidomycosis
Histoplasma capsulatum	Ascomycota	Onygenales	Worldwide; hyperendemic in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys in USA	Cattle, sheep, horses	Histoplasmosis
Blastomyces dermatitidis	Ascomycota	Onygenales	Worldwide (endemic in North America, autochthonous in Africa, South America, and Asia)	Dogs, cats, horses, marine mammals	Blastomycosis
Emmonsia spp.	Ascomycota	Onygenales	South Africa	Wild rodents	Emmonsiosis
Sporothrix schenckii, S. brasiliensis	Ascomycota	Ophiostomales	Worldwide	Cats, occasionally dogs, horses, cows, goats, mules, pigs, rats, armadillos, camels, dolphins, birds	Sporotrichosis
Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei	Ascomycota	Eurotiales	Southwest and southern China; Southeast Asia	Bamboo rats, domestic animals such as dogs and cats	Penicilliosis