Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression analysis: cigarette smoking.
| Cigarette Smoking | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Full model | |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | ||
| INDIVIDUAL LEVEL | |||||
| Personal Domain | |||||
| Age | 1.37 (1.35–1.40) | 1.34 (1.31–1.37) | 1.35 (1.32–1.37) | ||
| Gender (ref. Male) | 1.22 (1.15–1.29) | 1.51 (1.40–1.62) | 1.50 (1.40–1.61) | ||
| Bullying Experience | |||||
| No experience | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bystander only | 1.43 (1.31–1.56) | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | ||
| Victim only | 1.60 (1.45–1.77) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 1.14 (1.00–1.29) | ||
| Bully only | 2.56 (2.22–2.94) | 1.57 (1.32–1.87) | 1.59 (1.34–1.89) | ||
| Bully-victim only | 2.64 (2.37–2.93) | 1.59 (1.39–1.82) | 1.60 (1.40–1.83) | ||
| School Domain | |||||
| Self-Reported Academic Performance | 0.68 (0.66–0.70) | 0.75 (0.72–0.77) | 0.75 (0.72–0.77) | ||
| School policy awareness | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | |||
| School bonding | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | ||
| School Membership | 0.55 (0.53–0.58) | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) | ||
| Perception of peer drug use in school | 1.48 (1.44–1.52) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | ||
| Family Domain | |||||
| Parental monitoring | 0.94 (0.94–0.94) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | ||
| Maltreatment | 1.96 (1.88–2.05) | 1.47 (1.39–1.56) | 1.49 (1.41–1.58) | ||
| Community Domain | |||||
| Community disorganization | 1.52 (1.48–1.56) | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | ||
| SCHOOL LEVEL | |||||
| School Type | |||||
| Municipal state-funded | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Subsidized | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | ||
| Private | 0.64 (0.51–0.81) | 0.61 (0.49–0.77) | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | ||
| Number of Teachers Per School | |||||
| Small | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medium | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) | 1.41 (1.28–1.55) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | ||
| Large | 1.29 (1.08–1.54) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | ||
| School Denomination | |||||
| Secular | 1 | 1 | |||
| Catholic | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | |||
| Religious non-Catholic | 0.82 (0.68–1.00) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | |||
| School Co-Educational Status | |||||
| Only boys | 1 | ||||
| Only girls | 1.36 (0.95–1.93) | ||||
| Mixed | 1.17 (0.87–1.58) | ||||
| Random Intercept | |||||
| Beta | 0.27 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.39 | |
| ICC (%) | 7.5 | 4.4 | 6.6 | 4.4 | |
| C-statistic (95%CI) | 0.77 (0.77–0.78) | ||||
ICC, Intra-Class Correlation. Empty cells indicate that the variables did not enter into the model. Model 0, Null model; Model 1, Univariable association; Model 2, Multivariable associations, only Individual-level variables; Model 3, Multivariable associations, only school-level variables; Full model, Multivariable associations, Individual-level and school-level variables. Significant odds ratios (ORs) are shown in bold (p ≤ 0.05) only for the Full model.