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. 2017 Jun 28;8:1056. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01056

Table 6.

Multilevel logistic regression analysis: cannabis use.

Cannabis use
Model 0 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Full model
OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
Personal Domain
Age 1.44 (1.41–1.46) 1.41 (1.37–1.44) 1.41 (1.37–1.44)
Gender (ref. Male) 0.89 (0.83–0.95) 1.06 (0.98–1.15) 1.06 (0.97–1.15)
Bullying Experience
No experience 1 1 1
Bystander only 1.71 (1.53–1.91) 1.27 (1.11–1.45) 1.30 (1.14–1.48)
Victim only 1.83 (1.62–2.06) 1.09 (0.94–1.27) 1.11 (0.95–1.29)
Bully only 3.63 (3.09–4.25) 1.96 (1.61–2.38) 2.05 (1.69–2.48)
Bully-victim only 3.31 (2.92–3.76) 1.56 (1.33–1.84) 1.59 (1.35–1.87)
School Domain
GPA 0.72 (0.70–0.74) 0.83 (0.80–0.86) 0.83 (0.80–0.86)
School policy awareness 0.60 (0.57–0.62) 0.93 (0.87–1.01)
School bonding 0.74 (0.72–0.76) 0.97 (0.93–1.01)
School Membership 0.47 (0.45–0.49) 0.78 (0.71–0.86) 0.74 (0.69–0.79)
Perception of peer drug use in school 1.69 (1.64–1.75) 1.22 (1.16–1.27) 1.23 (1.18–1.29)
Family Domain
Parental monitoring 0.93 (0.93–0.94) 0.96 (0.95–0.96) 0.96 (0.95–0.96)
Maltreatment 1.97 (1.89–2.06) 1.47 (1.38–1.56) 1.47 (1.38–1.57)
Community Domain
Community disorganization 1.73 (1.68–1.78) 1.37 (1.31–1.42) 1.36 (1.31–1.42)
SCHOOL LEVEL
School Type
Municipal state-funded 1 1 1
Subsidized 0.95 (0.85–1.07) 0.95 (0.85–1.06) 1.19 (1.06–1.33)
Private 0.73 (0.55–0.98) 0.69 (0.52–0.92) 1.35 (1.03–1.77)
Number of Teachers Per School
Small 1 1 1
Medium 1.53 (1.36–1.73) 1.55 (1.37–1.74) 0.96 (0.85–1.08)
Large 1.68 (1.36–2.07) 1.67 (1.36–2.06) 0.86 (0.70–1.06)
School Denomination
Secular 1
Catholic 0.88 (0.78–1.00)
Religious non-Catholic 0.85 (0.67–1.07)
School Co-Educational Status
Only boys 1
Only girls 0.89 (0.58–1.36)
Mixed 0.85 (0.59–1.20)
Random Intercept
Beta 0.65 0.49 0.61 0.48
ICC (%) 11.4 6.9 10.3 6.6
C-statistic (95%CI) 0.81 (0.81–0.82)

ICC, Intra-Class Correlation. Empty cells indicate that the variables did not enter into the model. Model 0, Null model; Model 1, Univariable association; Model 2, Multivariable associations, only Individual-level variables; Model 3, Multivariable associations, only school-level variables; Full model, Multivariable associations, Individual-level and school-level variables. Significant odds ratios (ORs) are shown in bold (p ≤ 0.05) only for the Full model.