FIG 5.

Acute energy stress-induced AMPK activity in HSV-1-infected cells is independent of Us3 and UL46. NHDFs growth arrested by serum deprivation were mock infected, infected with wild-type (WT) HSV-1 Kos37, a Us3 deletion mutant (ΔUs3), a UL46 deletion mutant (ΔUL46), or a virus doubly deleted for Us3 and VP11/12 (ΔUs3ΔUL46) (MOI of 5). Cultures were either untreated (−) or treated (+) with AICAR at 12 hpi. Total protein was isolated at 15 hpi, fractionated by SDS-PAGE, and analyzed by immunoblotting to determine the phosphorylation status of AMPK (A) or ACC (B). Accumulation of ICP0, a key HSV-1 immediate early regulatory protein, was monitored as a marker of infection.