Fig. 1.

Succinate is released from adipose tissue during hypoxia and hyperglycaemia. (a) Succinate release from mouse adipose tissue explants incubated under hypoxic (white bars) or normoxic (black bars) conditions in medium with increasing glucose concentration. (b) Plasma glucose levels and (c) plasma succinate levels in control participants (n = 76) and type 2 diabetes patients (n = 58). (d) SUCNR1 mRNA levels in MA and SVFs of human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (n = 7). Data are fold change compared with MA subcutaneous. (e) Sucnr1 mRNA levels in MA and SVF of epididymal adipose tissue from mice fed chow or HFD (n = 4). Data are fold change compared with MA from chow-fed mice. Con, control; T2DM, type 2 diabetes. ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01 and ^*** p < 0.001 vs control or as indicated