Table 1.
Maternal and infant characteristics for pregnancies in mothers with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and in women without diabetes
| Characteristic | Diabetes | No diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 | Type 2 | n (%) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| ≤24 | 767 (12.9) | 35 (4.9) | 203,418 (15.2) |
| 25–29 | 1807 (30.4) | 119 (16.7) | 415,759 (31.1) |
| 30–34 | 2062 (34.7) | 221 (31.1) | 459,539 (34.4) |
| ≥35 | 1292 (21.7) | 334 (47.0) | 255,232 (19.1) |
| Missing | 13 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 3151 (0.2) |
| Height (cm) | |||
| ≤164 | 2034 (34.2) | 318 (44.7) | 479,637 (35.9) |
| 165–174 | 2856 (48.1) | 292 (41.1) | 647,159 (48.4) |
| ≥175 | 576 (9.7) | 59 (8.3) | 123,677 (9.2) |
| Missing | 475 (8.0) | 42 (5.9) | 86,626 (6.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| ≤24.9 | 2553 (43.0) | 120 (16.9) | 758,158 (56.7) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1765 (29.7) | 164 (23.1) | 295,853 (22.1) |
| 30.0–34.9 | 624 (10.5) | 183 (25.7) | 91,275 (6.8) |
| ≥35.0 | 291 (4.9) | 171 (24.1) | 35,401 (2.6) |
| Missing | 708 (11.9) | 73 (10.3) | 156,412 (11.7) |
| Smoking | |||
| No smoking | 4876 (82.1) | 594 (83.5) | 1,146,998 (85.8) |
| Smoking | 608 (10.2) | 83 (11.7) | 125,273 (9.4) |
| Missing | 457 (7.7) | 34 (4.8) | 64,828 (4.8) |
| Education (years) | |||
| ≤11 | 1559 (26.2) | 307 (43.2) | 331,538 (24.8) |
| 12 | 1613 (27.2) | 162 (22.8) | 340,267 (25.4) |
| ≥13 | 2676 (45.0) | 207 (29.1) | 631,335 (47.2) |
| Missing | 93 (1.6) | 35 (4.9) | 33,959 (2.5) |
| Parity | |||
| First birth | 2659 (44.8) | 235 (33.1) | 591,629 (44.2) |
| Second or more | 3282 (55.2) | 476 (66.9) | 745,470 (55.8) |
| Maternal birth country | |||
| Nordic countrya | 5416 (91.7) | 427 (61.1) | 1,087,461 (82.4) |
| Non-Nordic country | 487 (8.3) | 272 (38.9) | 232,967 (17.6) |
| HT | |||
| Chronic HT | 251 (4.2) | 53 (7.5) | 7691 (0.6) |
| Pre-eclampsia (PE) | 845 (14.2) | 54 (7.6) | 35,554 (2.7) |
| No HT/PE | 4845 (81.6) | 604 (85.0) | 1,293,854 (96.8) |
| Delivery | |||
| Caesarean section | 3011 (50.7) | 303 (42.6) | 201,654 (15.1) |
| Vaginal instrumental | 580 (9.8) | 41 (5.8) | 101,424 (7.6) |
| Non-instrumental | 2350 (39.6) | 367 (51.6) | 1,034,021 (77.3) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||
| <32 | 106 (1.8) | 14 (2.0) | 7570 (0.6) |
| 32–36 | 1066 (17.9) | 78 (11.0) | 52,419 (3.9) |
| ≥37 | 4574 (77.0) | 610 (85.8) | 1,271,900 (95.1) |
| Missing | 195 (3.3) | 9 (1.3) | 5210 (0.4) |
| Birthweight (g) | |||
| <2500 | 291 (4.9) | 39 (5.5) | 37,568 (2.8) |
| 2500–3999 | 3311 (55.7) | 457 (64.3) | 1,033,231 (77.3) |
| 4000–4499 | 1457 (24.5) | 141 (19.8) | 209,887 (15.7) |
| 4500–4999 | 581 (9.8) | 53 (7.5) | 44,719 (3.3) |
| >5000 | 105 (1.8) | 12 (1.7) | 6340 (0.5) |
| Missing | 196 (3.3) | 9 (1.3) | 5354 (0.4) |
| Birthweight for gestational age (percentiles) | |||
| <3 | 61 (1.0) | 9 (1.3) | 20,028 (1.5) |
| 3 to <10 | 104 (1.8) | 23 (3.2) | 62,598 (4.7) |
| 10 to 90 | 2505 (42.2) | 418 (58.8) | 1,089,066 (81.4) |
| >90 to 97 | 1095 (18.4) | 111 (15.6) | 114,136 (8.5) |
| >97 | 1981 (33.3) | 141 (19.8) | 46,061 (3.4) |
| Missing | 195 (3.3) | 9 (1.3) | 5210 (0.4) |
| Year of birth | |||
| 1997–2001 | 1563 (26.3) | 135 (19.0) | 395,388 (29.6) |
| 2002–2006 | 2027 (34.1) | 187 (26.3) | 446,532 (33.4) |
| 2007–2011 | 2351 (39.6) | 389 (54.7) | 495,179 (37.0) |
aNordic country of birth includes Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway
HT, hypertension; PE, pulmonary embolism