Table 4.
Maternal BMI and risks of a low Apgar score (0–6) at 5 min and convulsions or HIE in the offspring of mothers with and without type 1 diabetes
| Mothers with type 1 diabetesa,b | Mothers with no diabetesb,c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI ≤24.9 | BMI 25.0–29.9 | BMI ≥30.0 | BMI ≤24.9 | BMI 25.0–29.9 | BMI ≥30.0 | |
| Low Apgar score | ||||||
| Low | 48 (1.9) | 54 (3.1) | 29 (3.2) | 5608 (0.7) | 2921 (1.0) | 1738 (1.4) |
| Not low | 2476 (98.1) | 1685 (96.9) | 871 (96.8) | 747,553 (99.3) | 290,989 (99.0) | 124,022 (98.6) |
| Crude | Reference | 1.63 (1.09, 2.43) | 1.73 (1.08, 2.75) | Reference | 1.34 (1.28, 1.40) | 1.87 (1.77, 1.97) |
| Adjusted | Reference | 1.54 (1.03, 2.32) | 1.82 (1.12, 2.95) | Reference | 1.36 (1.30, 1.43) | 1.92 (1.82, 2.04) |
| Convulsions or HIE | ||||||
| Convulsions/HIE | 24 (0.9) | 17 (1.0) | 13 (1.4) | 1816 (0.2) | 920 (0.3) | 529 (0.4) |
| No convulsions/HIE | 2529 (99.1) | 1748 (99.0) | 902 (98.6) | 756,342 (99.8) | 294,933 (99.7) | 126,147 (99.6) |
| Crude | Reference | 0.91 (0.47, 1.73) | 1.54 (0.78, 3.02) | Reference | 1.30 (1.20, 1.41) | 1.75 (1.59, 1.93) |
| Adjusted | Reference | 0.86 (0.45, 1.65) | 1.59 (0.80, 3.15) | Reference | 1.35 (1.24, 1.46) | 1.85 (1.68, 2.05) |
Data are n (%) or OR (95% CI)
Scores were adjusted for maternal age, maternal height, smoking, education, parity, maternal country of birth and time period
a n = 5163; 689 observations were excluded due to missing information on BMI in analyses of low Apgar scores
b n = 156,412 observations were excluded due to missing information on BMI in analyses of asphyxia-related morbidity
c n = 1,172,831; 154,484 observations were excluded due to missing information on BMI in analyses of low Apgar scores