Table 2.
The average percentage composition (± SE) of compounds in lipid extracts of the cuticles and Dufour’s glands from field-collected (N = 10) and laboratory-reared (N = 11) Osmia lignaria females
| Peakb | Compound | Mean percent compositiona ± SE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuticle | Dufour’s Gland | ||||
| Field | Laboratory | Field | Laboratory | ||
| 1 | 14:0 FFAc | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
| 2 | 16:1 FFA | 1.2 ± 0.1 | t | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| 3 | 16:0 FFA | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| 4 | 16:1 FAEE | – | 0.3 ± 0.1 | – | 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| 5 | 16:0 FAEE | – | t | – | t |
| 6 | 16:1 FAIPE | – | t | – | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| 7 | 18 ALD | – | t | – | – |
| 8 | 16:0 FAIPE | – | t | t | t |
| 9 | 21:0 HC | – | t | – | t |
| 10 | 18:Ud FFA | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 24.5 ± 3.7 | 5.1 ± 2.0 |
| 11 | Terpenoid #1 | – | t | – | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| 12 | 18:0 FFA | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| 13 | 18:1 FAEE | – | 0.3 ± 0.1 | t | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
| 14 | Terpenoid #2 | – | t | – | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| 15 | 18:1 FAIPE | – | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
| 16 | 22:0 HC | – | t | – | t |
| 17 | 20 ALD | – | t | – | – |
| 18 | 23:1 HCe | – | t | t | t |
| 19 | 23:0 HC | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
| 20 | 20:1 FFA | – | t | – | 0.7 ± 0.3 |
| 21 | 20:1 FAEE | – | – | – | t |
| 22 | 20:0 FFA | – | t | – | t |
| 23 | 24:1 HC | 0.0 ± 0.0 | t | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| 24 | 20:1 FAIPE | – | t | – | t |
| 25 | 24:0 HC | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
| 26 | 22 ALD | – | t | – | – |
| 27 | 25:1 HC | 12.4 ± 0.9 | 18.4 ± 0.8 | 13.8 ± 1.5 | 18.9 ± 1.9 |
| 28 | 25:0 HC | 13.9 ± 0.7 | 18.1 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 14.5 ± 2.4 |
| 29 | Terpenoid #3 | – | t | – | t |
| 30 | 25Af HC | – | t | – | t |
| 31 | Unknown #1 | – | t | – | t |
| 32 | 26:1 HC | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| 33 | Unknown #2 | – | – | t | t |
| 34 | 26:0 HC | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
| 35 | 24 ALD | t | t | – | – |
| 36 | Terpenoid #4 | – | t | – | t |
| 37 | 27:1 HC | 29.5 ± 1.3 | 29.2 ± 1.2 | 21.7 ± 1.7 | 24.7 ± 2.2 |
| 38 | 27:0 HC | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.8 |
| 39 | Terpenoid #5 | – | t | t | t |
| 40 | Unknown #3 | – | t | – | t |
| 41 | 27A HC | – | t | – | t |
| 42 | Unknown #4 | – | t | – | t |
| 43 | 28:1 HC | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
| 44 | 28:0 HC | 0.2 ± 0.0 | t | t | t |
| 45 | 26 ALD | t | t | – | – |
| 46 | Unknown #5 | – | t | – | – |
| 47 | 29:1 HC | 11.1 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 7.8 ± 0.6 |
| 48 | 29:0 HC | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| 49 | Terpenoid #6 | – | t | t | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| 50 | 29A HC | – | t | – | t |
| 51 | Terpenoid #7 | – | – | – | t |
| 52 | Terpenoid #8 | – | t | – | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| 53 | Terpenoid #9 | – | t | – | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| 54 | 30:1 HC | t | t | t | t |
| 55 | 30:0 HC | t | t | 0.1 ± 0.1 | t |
| 56 | 28 ALD | – | t | – | – |
| 57 | C27 sterol | – | t | t | t |
| 58 | 31:1 HC | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 |
| 59 | 31:0 HC | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| 60 | Terpenoid #10 | – | t | – | 0.8 ± 0.4 |
| 61 | Terpenoid #11 | – | t | – | t |
| 62 | 32:0 HC | – | t | t | – |
| 63 | C29 sterol | – | – | 0.7 ± 0.2 | t |
| 64 | 33:0 HC | 0.3 ± 0.1 | t | t | t |
| 65 | 33A HC | t | t | t | – |
| 66 | 32:0 WE | – | t | – | – |
| 67 | Terpenoid #12 | – | t | – | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| 68 | Terpenoid #13 | – | t | t | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
| 69 | 35:0 HC | – | t | – | t |
| 70 | 34:1 WE | – | t | – | t |
| 71 | Unknown #6 | – | t | – | – |
| 72 | Terpenoid #14 | – | t | t | 0.9 ± 0.4 |
| 73 | Terpenoid #15 | – | t | t | t |
| 74 | 36:1 WE | – | 0.2 ± 0.0 | – | t |
| 75 | 36:0 WE | – | t | – | – |
| 76 | Terpenoid #16 | – | t | t | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| 77 | 38:Ug WE | – | 0.2 ± 0.0 | – | – |
| 78 | 38:0 WE | – | t | – | – |
| 79 | 40:U WE | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
| 80 | 40:0 WE | t | 0.1 ± 0.1 | t | t |
| 81 | 42:U WE | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
| 82 | 44:U WE | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
| 83 | 46:U WE | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | t | t |
| 84 | 48:1 WE | – | 0.4 ± 0.1 | – | – |
| 85 | 50:1 WE | – | t | – | – |
aPercent composition calculated from the integrated peak area from the GC-FID response as described in Materials and Methods
bPeak numbers correspond to those in Fig. 2
cLipid classes were abbreviated as follows: FFA free fatty acid, FAEE fatty acid ethyl ester, FAIPE fatty acid isopropyl ester, ALD aldehyde, HC hydrocarbon, WE wax ester. The numbers to the left and the right of the colon for hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, fatty acid esters and wax esters are the total number of carbons and the number of double bonds, respectively
dU, A mixture of free fatty acids was identified with one, two and/or three points of unsaturation at this chain length
eMultiple positional isomers of C23 – C31 mono-alkenes resolve into one to three different peaks in Fig. 2, and the total quantity at each chain length is summed on one line in this table
fA, The hydrocarbon of indicated chain length has a single methyl branch internal to the molecule
gU, A mixture of wax esters was identified with one or one and two points of unsaturation in some samples at this chain length