Table 2.
Biliary tract visualization per dosage scheme
| Study | n | Adm. timing (mins) | CD before | CD after | CBD before | CBD after | CHD before | CHD after |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biliary tract visualization with a 2.5-mg fixed dosage of ICG n (%) | ||||||||
| Ishazawa [16] | 52 | 30 | 52 (100) | 52 (100) | – | – | 50 (96.2) | 52 (100) |
| Ishazawa [31] | 7 | 15a | 5 (71.4) | – | – | – | 7 (100) | – |
| Buchs [26] | 12 | 45 | 11 (91.7) | 12 (100) | 6 (50) | 10 (83.3) | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) |
| Schols [37] | 30 | 15a | 29 (96.7) | – | 25 (83.3) | – | – | – |
| Spinoglio [38] | 45 | 45 | 42 (93.3) | 44 (97.8) | 41 (91.1) | 44 (97.8) | 40 (88.9) | 44 (97.8) |
| Osayi [35] | 82 | 74 | 46 (56.1) | 78 (95.1) | 31 (37.8) | 63 (76.8) | 29 (35.4) | 57 (69.5) |
| Kono [33] | 108 | – | 88 (81.5) | 103 (95.4) | – | 94 (87.0) | 100 (92.6) | |
| Weighted mean % (95% CI) | 86.5 (71.2–96.6) | 96.5 (93.9–98.4) | 67.3 (35.5–92.1) | 86.6 (67.1–98.0) | 76.8 (51.2–94.7) | 88.9 (73.5–98.2) | ||
| Biliary tract visualization with a 0.05-mg per kg bodyweight dosage of ICG n (%) | ||||||||
| Kaneko [32] | 28 | 15 | 26 (92.8) | – | – | – | 27 (96.4) | – |
| Dip [30] | 65 | 60 | 50 (76.9) | 65 (100) | 50 (76.9) | 65 (100) | – | – |
| Dip [29] | 45 | 60 | 44 (97.8)b | – | 36 (80.0)b | – | 27 (60.0)b | – |
| Larsen [34] | 35 | 15a | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| van Dam [40] | 30 | 15a | 10 (33.3) | 29 (96.7) | 20 (66.7) | 26 (86.7) | – | – |
| Dip [28] | 71 | 60 | 71 (100) | – | 62 (87.3) | – | 50 (70.4) | – |
| Weighted mean % (95% CI) | 85.2 (60.2–98.9) | 98.4 (92.4–99.9) | 78.7 (70.3–86.0) | 95.3 (73.4–99.0) | 76.6 (54.5–92.9) | |||
Visualization per dosage group. Number of biliary structure identifications n (% proportion) before and after dissection of Calot’s triangle. Timing of ICG administration is equal (average 37.3 and 37.5 min before surgery) for both groups
ICG indocyanine green, timing timing of administration, mins minutes, CD cystic duct, CBD common bile duct, CHD common hepatic duct
aICG administration after anaesthesia
bBiliary structure identification before and during dissection