Fig. 3.

Effects of adiponectin on inflammatory markers in myotubes from control and DMD subjects. TNFα (a) and IL-6 (b) mRNA levels in human C and DMD myotubes, which were challenged by an inflammatory stimulus (a combination of TNFα and IFNγ), while being or not treated with ApN. mRNA levels were normalized to TBP. The subsequent ratios are presented as relative expression compared to basal conditions (no TNFα/IFNγ and no ApN) in C subjects. Data are means ± SEM; n = 8–10 independent cultures (i.e., run at different times and for each time, from a new vial of cryopreserved myoblasts) from 3 to 4 different subjects in each C and DMD group. The subjects were always chosen at random. Comparisons between different conditions were made using repeated analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-test correction. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 for the respective conditions with versus without ApN. ^# p < 0.05, ^### p < 0.01 for the respective conditions in DMD versus C