Figure 16.

Transcriptomes of Old World elapids most closely related to Micrurus show highly divergent venomes in terms of both major (A) and minor (B) venom constituents. 3FTxs are major components of all of these venoms; however, phospholipase content varies significantly. Phospholipases A₂ are a much more significant proportion of Calliophis and Micrurus venoms than of Bungarus or Ophiophagus venoms, even when β-bungarotoxin is considered. Venoms of Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus flaviceps show significant quantities of β-bungarotoxin, although with strongly unequal quantities of the α and β subunits. Ophiophagus hannah and Calliophisbivirgata venoms possess large quantities of metalloproteases which are absent in kraits and minor components in most coralsnake venoms. Minor constituents are even more diverse.