Table 4.

Selected examples of psychrophilic microorganisms isolated from marine habitats.

Microorganisms	Site and Temperature of Isolation	References
Arthrobacter ardleyensi	Antarctic Ardley Island lake sediment; 25 °C	[89]
Arthrobacter halodurans	Sea water collected from the South China Sea; 28 °C	[90]
Arthrobacter kerguelensis	Sea water, Kerguelen Islands, Antarctica; 22 °C	[91]
Arthrobacter subterraneus	Deep subsurface water of the South Coast of Korea; 28 °C	[92]
Bizionia algoritergicola	Sea ice–sea water, East Antarctica; −2 °C	[93]
Colwellia chukchiensis	Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean; 23–25 °C	[16]
Colwellia maris	Seawater, Abashiri coast off the Okhotsuku Sea, Hokkaido; 0–22 °C	[94]
Colwellia piezophila	Deep-sea sediments of the Japan Trench; 10 °C	[95]
Colwellia psychrerythraea	Sea ice and marine sediments; Arctic. 8 °C	[16,96,97]
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis	Antarctic coastal sea water; 12 °C	[98]
Psychrobacter arenosus, P. marincola, P. maritimus, P. submarinus, P. fulvigenes	Coastal sea ice and sediments of the Sea of Japan; 25–28 °C	[99]
Psychroserpens jangbogonensis	Ross Sea in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica; 15 °C	[100]
Psychrobacter oceani	Sediment from Pacific Ocean at depth of 7167 m (37°48′ N 143°52′ E); 10–15 °C	[101]
Psychrobacter okhotskensis	Monbetsu coast of the Okhotsk Sea in Hokkaido, Japan; 25 °C	[102]
Psychrobacter pacificensis	Deep seawater in the Japan Trench off Hachijo Island, Japan; 25 °C	[103]
Psychromonas ingrahamii	Sea ice core from Point Barrow, Alaska, USA; −12–10 °C	[104]
Shewanella frigidimarina and S. gelidimarina	Coastal areas of the Vestfold Hills in eastern Antarctica (68′S 78′′E) Antarctic sea ice; 15–17 °C	[105]