Table 7.
Selected examples of biomolecules produced from marine halophilic microorganisms.
| Microorganisms | Isolation Sites | Applications | Enzyme | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halothermothrix orenii | Tunisian salt lake | Starch conversion; detergent | Amylase Endoamylase | [166] |
| Halomonas sp. AAD21 | Saltern area, Turkey | Starch conversion; detergent | Alpha-amylase | [167] |
| Natronococcus sp. | Soda Lake, China | Detergent | Lipase | [168] |
| Pelagibacterium halotolerans | East China Sea | Metallo beta-lactamase | [169] | |
| Haloferax volcanii | Dead Sea, the Great Salt Lake, and oceanic environments with high NaCl | Detergent | Cysteine peptidase | [170] |
| Haloferax mediterranei | Saltern, Spain | Starch conversion; detergent | Endoamylase | [171] |
| Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2 | Hypersaline alkaline lake Egypt | Starch conversion; detergent | Gluco-amylo pullulanase | [172] |
| Microorganisms | EPS-Structure and Chemical Composition 1 | Applications and Activity | Reference | |
| Haloferax mediterranei | → 4)-β-D-GlcNAcA-(1→6)-α-D-Man-(1→ 4)-β-D-GlcNAcA-3-O-SO3−-(1→ | Candidate in oil recovery overall in oil deposits with high salinity concentrations | [173] | |
| Halomonas alkaliantarctica strain CRSS | Glc:Fru:GlcNAc:GalNAc Molar ratio:1.0:0.7:0.3:tr |
High viscosity | [11] | |
| Hahella chejuensis | Glc:Gal Molar ratio:0.68:1.0 | Biosurfactant and detoxification of polluted areas from petrochemical oils | [174] | |
| Alteromonas infernus | Repeating unit of uronic acids (GlcA and GalA) and neutral sugars (Gal and Glc) and substituted with one sulfate group | Cartilage tissue engineering applications due to “Heparin-like” behavior | [81] | |
| Alteromonas macleodii subsp. fijiensis | Glc/Gal/Man/Rha/Fuc/GlcA/GalA Molar ratio: 1/1.9/0.4/0.6/0.2/1.2/2.8 | Protection of sensitive skin against chemical, mechanical and UVB aggressions | [25] | |
1 Monosaccharide abbreviations: Glc glucose, Gal galactose, Man mannose, Rha rhamnose, Fruc fructose, Fuc fucose, GlcA glucuronic acid, GalA galacturonic acid, GlcNAc N-acetyl glucosamine, GalNAc N-acetyl galactosamine, tr trace amount.