Forty-four determinants of change in young children’s physical activity were assessed across 44 papers, predominately in the intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational domain.

Although 14 determinants were assessed in four or more studies, only parental monitoring was consistently positively associated with change in physical activity and provider training associated with change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Evidence in community and policy domains, and from low-/middle-income countries, is required.