Table 5.
Prevalence of insomnia symptomatology and changes in sleep patterns pre-competition
| Study | Sport | Competition (home/away) | n | Sex | Mean age, y (SD) | Prevalence of insomnia symptoms (%) | PSQI global mean (SD) | Δ Sleep patterns and sleep quality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE | SOL | TST | SQ | ||||||||
| Actigraphy | |||||||||||
| Romyn et al. [52] | Netball | National championships | 8 | F | 19.6 (1.5) | NR | NR | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ |
| Richmond et al. [40] | ARF | AFL match (home) | 19 | M | 24.1 (3.3) | NR | NR | ↔ | NR | ↑ | ↔ |
| Richmond et al. [39] | ARF | AFL match (home) | 10 | M | 23.0 (2.0) | NR | NR | ↔ | NR | ↑ | ↔ |
| Shearer et al. [56] | Rugby Union | Celtic League match (home) | 28 | M | 24.4 (2.9) | NR | NR | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ |
| Fowler et al. [78] | Football | A-League match (home) | 6 | M | 23.4 (NR) | NR | NR | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ |
| Chennaoui et al. [77]a | Swimming | National championships | 9 | M + F | 22.0 (3.0) | NR | NR | ↔ | NR | ↔ | NR |
| Questionnaire | |||||||||||
| Elbayoumy and Elbayoumy [79]b | Swimming | National championships | 40 | M | 19.0 (1.0) | NR | 5 (1) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Swinbourne et al. [63]b | Team sports | In competition | 75 | M + F | NR | NR | 6 (3) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Silva and Paiva [76]b,c | Gymnastics | FIG World Cup | 67 | F | 18.7 (2.9) | 78 | 7 (3) | NR | NR | NR | ↓b |
| Rodrigues et al. [74]d | Para-athletics | Paralympic Games | 40 | M + F | 30.1 (7.1) | 37 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Silva et al. [80]d | Para-athletics | Paralympic Games | 27 | M + F | 28.0 (6.0) | 70 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Erlacher et al. [37]e | Multi-sports | Important competition | 632 | M + F | 21.9 (6.8) | 66 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Juliff et al. [38]b,e | Multi-sports | Olympic Games | 283 | M + F | 24.0 (5.0) | 64 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
AFL Australian Football League, ARF Australian Rules Football, F female, FIG International Federation of Gymnastics, M male, NR not reported, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SD standard deviation, SE sleep efficiency, SOL sleep onset latency, SQ sleep quality (subjective rating), TST total sleep time, ↑ significant increase, ↔ no significant change, ↓ significant decrease (all p < 0.05)
aSleep pattern changes in successful athletes during competition reported only
bPSQI with poor sleep quality threshold >5 employed [66]
cComparisons made between successful and unsuccessful athletes during competition
dPSQI with poor sleep quality ≥5 employed
eCompetitive Sports, Sleep, and Dreams questionnaire employed [37]