Table 2.
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with recent and former use of antidepressants
| Period of use | Total population | Population without antipsychotics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (N = 530) | Controls (N = 5300) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | Cases (N = 444) | Controls (N = 4980) | Adjusted ORc (95% CI) | |
| Past usea | 210 (39.6) | 2568 (48.5) | 1 | 193 (43.5) | 2474 (49.7) | 1 |
| Former use | 65 (12.3) | 748 (14.1) | 1.04 (0.76–1.44) | 59 (13.3) | 721 (14.5) | 1.01 (0.72–1.43) |
| Recent use | ||||||
| Within previous 6 months | 255 (48.1) | 1984 (37.4) | 1.35 (1.09–1.67) | 192 (43.2) | 1785 (35.8) | 1.32 (1.05–1.66) |
| Combination | 19 (3.6) | 61 (1.2) | 2.29 (1.26–4.16) | 11 (2.5) | 47 (0.9) | 2.61 (1.22–5.57) |
| AD_antaM3 | 115 (21.7) | 831 (15.7) | 1.55 (1.18–2.02) | 101 (22.7) | 795 (16.0) | 1.49 (1.12–1.99) |
| AD_nonantaM3 | 121 (22.8) | 1092 (20.6) | 1.11 (0.86–1.45) | 80 (18.0) | 943 (18.9) | 1.08 (0.80–1.44) |
| Within previous 3 months | 234 (44.2) | 1827 (34.0) | 1.35 (1.08–1.67) | 175 (39.4) | 1641 (33.0) | 1.30 (1.03–1.65) |
| Combination | 14 (2.6) | 40 (0.8) | 2.69 (1.32–5.46) | 9 (2.0) | 33 (0.7) | 2.78 (1.19–6.45) |
| AD_antaM3 | 106 (20.0) | 761 (14.4) | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) | 93 (20.9) | 727 (14.6) | 1.49 (1.11–2.00) |
| AD_nonantaM3 | 114 (21.5) | 1026 (19.4) | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 73 (16.4) | 881 (17.7) | 1.05 (0.78–1.42) |
| Within previous 1 month | 210 (39.6) | 1653 (31.2) | 1.30 (1.03–1.62) | 154 (34.7) | 1489 (29.9) | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) |
| Combination | 12 (2.3) | 23 (0.4) | 4.13 (1.81–9.46) | 8 (1.8) | 17 (0.3) | 6.51 (2.30–18.38) |
| AD_antaM3 | 99 (18.7) | 684 (12.9) | 1.56 (1.17–2.07) | 87 (19.6) | 655 (13.2) | 1.50 (1.11–2.05) |
| AD_nonantaM3 | 99 (18.7) | 946 (17.8) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 59 (13.3) | 817 (16.4) | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) |
| Currently being treated | 179 (33.8) | 1380 (26.0) | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | 132 (29.7) | 1238 (24.9) | 1.27 (0.98–1.65) |
| Combination | 7 (1.3) | 13 (0.2) | 4.35 (1.45–13.04) | 6 (1.4) | 8 (0.2) | 9.60 (2.72–33.86) |
| AD_antaM3 | 87 (16.4) | 558 (10.5) | 1.57 (1.16–2.12) | 75 (16.9) | 533 (10.7) | 1.55 (1.12–2.16) |
| AD_nonantaM3 | 85 (16.0) | 809 (15.3) | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) | 51 (11.5) | 697 (14.0) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated
AD_antaM 3 antidepressants that antagonize M3 muscarinic receptors, AD_nonantaM 3 antidepressants that do not antagonize M3 muscarinic receptors, CI confidence interval, Combination both AD_antaM3 and AD_nonantaM3, OR odds ratio
aReference category. Past use was defined as the patient received a prescription of antidepressants (with or without M3 muscarinic receptor antagonism) that ended more than 2 years before the index date and no new prescription was filled until the index date
bORs were adjusted for the following covariates: uses of benzodiazepines, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, systemic corticosteroids, and antipsychotics within the previous 6 months
cORs were adjusted for the following covariates: uses of benzodiazepines, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, and systemic corticosteroids within the previous 6 months