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. 2017 May 15;141(2):287–297. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30741

Table 2.

Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for total prostate cancer by fifths of observed fruit intake in 142,239 men in EPIC (1992–2013)

Fifths of observed fruit intake
1 2 3 4 5 p‐trendb
Total fruit, g/day ≤ 66.7 >66.7 to ≤ 123.6 >123.6 to ≤ 197.3 >197.3 to ≤ 320.0 >320.0
Cases, n 1,420 1,540 1,556 1,419 1,101
HR (95% CI) 1 ref 1.04 (0.97–1.12) 1.02 (0.95–1.10) 1.01 (0.94–1.09) 0.93 (0.86–1.02) 0.04
Adjusted HR (95% CI)a 1 ref 1.03 (0.95–1.10) 1.00 (0.93–1.08) 0.99 (0.91–1.07) 0.91 (0.83–0.99) 0.01
Citrus fruit, g/day ≤ 5.8 >5.8 to ≤ 14.3 >14.3 to ≤ 36.8 >36.8 to ≤ 78.4 >78.4
Cases, n 1,551 1,494 1,528 1,341 1,122
HR (95% CI) 1 ref 1.08 (1.00–1.16) 1.04 (0.97–1.12) 0.96 (0.90–1.04) 0.96 (0.88–1.04) 0.03
Adjusted HR (95% CI)a 1 ref 1.06 (0.99–1.14) 1.02 (0.95–1.10) 0.95 (0.88–1.02) 0.94 (0.86–1.02) 0.01
Apple/pear, g/day ≤ 9.0 >9.0 to ≤ 28.0 >28.0 to ≤ 62.0 >62.0 to ≤ 116.4 >116.4
Cases, n 1,238 1,465 1,383 1,436 1,514
HR (95% CI) 1 ref 1.09 (1.01–1.18) 1.04 (0.96–1.13) 1.07 (0.99–1.17) 1.04 (0.96–1.13) 0.9
Adjusted HR (95% CI)a 1 ref 1.08 (1.00–1.17) 1.03 (0.95–1.12) 1.06 (0.97–1.15) 1.02 (0.94–1.11) 0.7
Banana, g/day ≤ 0.6 >0.6 to ≤ 7.1 >7.1 to ≤ 15.0 >15.0 to ≤ 43.0 >43.0
Cases, n 1,270 1,357 1,430 1,496 1,483
HR (95% CI) 1 ref 1.10 (1.01–1.20) 1.09 (1.01–1.19) 1.10 (1.01–1.19) 1.07 (0.99–1.17) 0.8
Adjusted HR (95% CI)a 1 ref 1.09 (1.00–1.19) 1.08 (0.99–1.17) 1.08 (0.99–1.17) 1.05 (0.96–1.14) 0.8

Cox regression analysis. All models are adjusted for age (underlying time variable) and stratified by recruitment center and age at recruitment.

a

Additionally adjusted for educational level (no degree, degree, unknown), smoking status (never, former, current, unknown), marital status (married, not married, unknown), diabetes (yes, no, unknown), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active, unknown), height (<170, 170–174, 175–179, ≥ 180 cm, unknown), body mass index (<22.5, 22.5–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥ 30 kg/m2, unknown), and total energy intake (fifths).

b

p‐values for trend were obtained using a pseudo‐continuous variable equal to the median value in each fifth of intake.