Table 1.
Characteristics of included trials
| Study | Year | Design | Procedures | Sample size | Age (year) | Stone burden | Tube | Stone-free rate | Quality assessment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size | P-value | (%) | P-value | ||||||||
| Chang et al. [41]. | 2011 | RCT | Standard | 63 | 58.7 | 24.86 ± 2.78 mm | 0.722 | 20 Fr (7 Fr) | 75% | 0.51 | Low |
| Total tubeless | 68 | 59.2 | 24.74 ± 2.69 mm | None | 74% | ||||||
| Aghamir et al. [42]. | 2011 | RCT | Standard | 35 | 40 | 2.87 ± 0.62 cm2 | 0.66 | NA | 83% | NA | Low |
| Total tubeless | 35 | 38.4 | 2.81 ± 0.59 cm2 | None | 86% | ||||||
| Kara et al. [43]. | 2010 | RCT | Standard | 30 | 66.5 | 25.6 mm | NA | 18 Fr | 90% | >0.05 | Low |
| Total tubeless | 30 | 67.7 | 22.3 mm | None | 96% | ||||||
| Mishra et al. [44]. | 2010 | RCT | Standard | 11 | 42.5 | 2737 μL | 0.18 | 20 Fr | 81.8% | 0.14 | Low |
| Tubeless | 11 | 42.3 | 2934.2 μL | None (6 Fr) | 72.7% | ||||||
| Istanbulluoglu et al. [45]. | 2009 | RCT | Standard | 45 | 43.9 | 432.35 ± 195.97 mm2 | 0.46 | 14 Fr | NA | NA | Low |
| Total tubeless | 45 | 47.5 | 448.93 ± 249.13 mm2 | None | NA | ||||||
| Crook et al. [46]. | 2008 | RCT | Standard | 25 | 53 | 17.5 mm | NA | 26 Fr | 84% | NA | Low |
| Total tubeless | 25 | 52 | 21.6 mm | None | 96% | ||||||
| Agrawal et al. [47]. | 2008 | RCT | Standard | 101 | 31 | NA | NA | 16 Fr | 100% | – | Low |
| Tubeless | 101 | 33 | NA | None (6 Fr) | 100% | ||||||
| Singh et al. [48]. | 2008 | RCT | Standard | 30 | 34 | 800 mm2 | >0.05 | 22 Fr | 93.3% | 0.64 | Moderate |
| Tubeless | 30 | 31 | 750 mm2 | None (NA) | 90% | ||||||
| Shah et al. [18]. | 2008 | RCT | Small-bore tube | 32 | 46.7 | 495.92 mm2 | 0.88 | 8Fr | 87.5% | 0.96 | Low |
| Tubeless | 33 | 44.1 | 535.36 mm2 | None (6 Fr) | 87.9% | ||||||
| Sofikerim et al. [35]. | 2007 | RCT | Standard | 24 | 54.1 | 425 mm2 | NA | 24 Fr or 18 Fr | 85% (24 Fr), | 0.71 | Moderate |
| Tubeless | 24 | 47.8 | 428 mm2 | None (6 Fr) | 83% (18 Fr), 79% | ||||||
| Tefekli et al. [49]. | 2007 | RCT | Standard | 18 | 41.32 | 3.1 cm | NA | 14 Fr | 89% | >0.05 | Moderate |
| Tubeless | 17 | 38.4 | 2.8 cm | None (NA) | 94% | ||||||
| Weiland et al. [50]. | 2007 | RCT | Small-bore tube | 9 | 65 | 6.7 cm2 | 0.15 | 8.3 Fr | Moderate | ||
| Tubeless | 9 | 54 | 3.2 cm2 | None (8.2 Fr) | |||||||
| Choi et al. [32]. | 2006 | RCT | Small-bore tube | 12 | 47 | 32.41 mm | 0.77 | 8.2 Fr | 91.7% | 0.64 | High |
| Tubeless | 12 | 52.9 | 28.5 mm | None (6 Fr) | 100% | ||||||
| Desai et al. [51]. | 2004 | RCT | Standard | 10 | 43.4 | 263.7 mm2 | >0.05 | 20 Fr | 100% | – | Moderate |
| Small-bore tube | 10 | 44.8 | 243 mm2 | 9 Fr | 100% | ||||||
| Tubeless | 10 | 41.1 | 249.1 mm2 | None (6 Fr) | 100% | ||||||
| Marcovich et al. [52]. | 2004 | RCT | Standard | 20 | 58 | 3.6 cm | 0.64 | 24 Fr | 0.63 | Moderate | |
| Small-bore tube | 20 | 61 | 3 cm | 8 Fr | |||||||
| Tubeless | 20 | 57 | 3.4 cm | None (NA) | |||||||
| Feng et al. [53]. | 2001 | RCT | Standard | 10 | 53 | 8.4 cm3 | 0.75 | 22 Fr | 31.5% | NA | Moderate |
| Tubeless | 8 | 62 | 4.4 cm3 | None (NA) | 71.4% | ||||||
NA not applicable, RCT randomized controlled trial