Phenotypic characterization of Arabidopsis adk1− homozygous mutants. A, Fresh weight accumulation in the aerial part of adk1−/adk1− plants. Homozygous mutants were grown under conditions described in “Materials and Methods,” and after 28 d they were transferred to different light regimes for two further days (photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark, continuous light and continuous darkness). The entire aerial part of six plants per genotype was detached and weighed. Values are mean ± se of these measurements; asterisk indicates values determined by the t test to be significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control. B, Root length of adk1−/adk1− plants through 17 d after germination. Subsection i, Six to eight seeds per genotype were germinated in vertical plates for 1 d in darkness and then transferred to a 16-h-light/8-h-dark regime. Root lengths were recorded at the indicated times. Values are mean ± se of these measurements; asterisks indicate values determined by the Student's t test to be significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control. Subsection ii, Representative photos of vertical plates 13 d after germination.