Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population
| Variable | ACE-Is | ARBs | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Subjects (%) | 101,613 (47.2) | 24,526 (11.4) | 89,086 (41.4) |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Female | 47,195 (46.5) | 12,550 (51.2) | 52,189 (58.6) |
| Mean age (years ± SD) | 62.91 (13.5) | 62.05 (±13.3) | 64.20 (±13.8) |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | 56,522 (55.6) | 11,502 (46.9) | 50,660 (56.9) |
| Black | 5032 (5.0) | 1531 (6.2) | 7359 (8.3) |
| Others | 2854 (2.8) | 834 (3.4) | 2432 (2.7) |
| Unknown | 37,195 (36.6) | 10,659 (43.5) | 28,635 (32.1) |
| Comorbidities (ICD-9 codes) | |||
| Infectious (001–139) | 14,183 (14.0) | 3299 (13.5) | 15,016 (16.9) |
| Blood (280–289) | 15,762 (15.5) | 3858 (15.7) | 18,105 (20.3) |
| AMI (410) | 3081 (3.0) | 308 (1.3) | 1503 (1.7) |
| Angina pectoris (413) | 4022 (4.0) | 775 (3.2) | 3594 (4.0) |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias (427) | 13,591 (13.4) | 2805 (11.4) | 15,769 (17.7) |
| Heart failure (428) | 4702 (4.6) | 869 (3.5) | 6859 (7.7) |
| Respiratory (460–519) | 33,081 (32.6) | 7995 (32.6) | 28,836 (32.4) |
| Other Treatments | |||
| Statin (%) | 43,298 (42.6) | 9393 (38.3) | 33,043 (37.1) |
| Flu vaccine (%) | 35,550 (35.0) | 7914 (32.3) | 32,498 (36.5) |
| T2D (%) | 5423 (5.3) | 1218 (5.0) | 5281 (5.9) |
| Other Information | |||
| Mean follow up time (days) | 1663.08 | 1603.33 | 1664.05 |
| STD (+/−) | 593.43 | 611.68 | 599.37 |
Medicare (a small % of the Humana dataset) does not report patient race and will be reported as unknown here. Incidence of comorbidities in the 12 month pre-index period for all study groups. *Respiratory does not include codes covered by infectious, inflammatory or structural outcomes