Table 4.

Effect of concentrate supplementation and cow strain and their interaction on blood metabolites, enzymes and hormones

	Conc0		Conc6			P-value
Items	HCH	HNZ	HCH	HNZ	SD	Treatment	Cow strain	Interaction
Glucose (mmol/l)	3.15A	3.31B	3.25C	3.46D	0.18	<0.01	<0.01	0.54
BHBA (mmol/l)	0.91A	0.82A	0.68B	0.69B	0.17	<0.001	0.45	0.30
NEFA 1 (mmol/l)	0.12A	0.14A	0.08B	0.09B	0.05	<0.001	0.48	0.62
Urea (mmol/l)	4.86A	4.77A	3.68B	3.73B	0.90	<0.001	0.95	0.72
Total protein (g/l)	73.6	72.9	72.0	72.2	4.20	0.10	0.88	0.48
Albumin (g/l)	38.8	39.2	38.0	38.9	2.40	0.27	0.32	0.56
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	0.30	0.33	0.30	0.31	0.08	0.44	0.28	0.74
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	6.28	6.26	6.08	6.43	1.10	0.94	0.70	0.24
Creatinine (µmol/l)	73.8	70.7	76.2	69.5	8.2	0.66	0.07	0.19
Creatine kinase 1 (U/l)	153	191	146	176	55.2	0.26	0.13	0.79
GLDH (U/l)	14.4	16.1	13.1	16.7	4.11	0.71	0.08	0.34
GGT (U/l)	22.8	24.7	22.8	24.8	4.60	0.90	0.20	0.97
ASAT (U/l)	71.2a	74.8a	67.6b	72.8b	7.38	0.04	0.15	0.52
AP (U/l)	39.1A	50.6A	48.9B	61.2B	21.20	<0.001	0.17	0.86
ALAT (U/l)	29.2A	31.7B	26.6C	29.5D	2.60	<0.001	<0.01	0.65
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	91a	109b	113c	141d	31.5	<0.001	<0.05	0.25
T3 (nmol/l)	2.28A	2.36A	2.45B	2.60B	0.31	<0.001	0.18	0.34
T4 (nmol/l)	49.0a	48.7a	51.6b	53.5b	12.01	0.04	0.84	0.51
Insulin (µU/ml)	4.31a	3.81a	5.82b	5.92b	3.54	0.03	0.94	0.58

Conc0=cows without concentrate supplementation; Conc6=cows with concentrate supplementation; HCH=Swiss Holstein-Friesian; HNZ=New Zealand Holstein-Friesian; NEFA=non-esterified fatty acids; GLDH=glutamate dehydrogenase; GGT=γ-glutamyltransferase; ASAT=aspartate aminotransferase; AP=alkaline phosphatase; ALAT=alanine aminotransferase; T3=3,5,3'-triiodthyronine; T4=thyroxin.

^A,B,C,DMeans with different superscript letters within the same row differ (P<0.01).

^a,b,c,dMeans with different superscript letters within the same row differ (P<0.05).

¹ Log₁₀ transformed for statistical analyses.