Fig. 3.

NIH congressional appropriation and R01 funding allocations. (A) The appropriation increased exponentially both in inflation-corrected (BRDPI) dollars and nominal dollars, with doubling in 28 and 12 y, respectively. From 2001 to 2012, the appropriation rises above this exponential growth before falling back for excess funding of 104,000 M$. (B) Funding for older R01 grantees increased steadily; for middle-aged grantees, it dropped after 2004; and for younger grantees, it has hardly changed. (C) Since 1995, funds for R01 grantees over 55 increased by 2,313 M$, whereas they decreased by 651 M$ for R01 grantees below 56.