PIF3-controlled gene expression in Col, cop1-6, and PID transgenic lines. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis shows PIF3-regulated gene expression in Col, cop1-6, pif3-1, PID-CFP Col, and PID-GFP Col seedlings. Plant total RNA was extracted from 2.5-d-old seedlings grown in the dark. Both cop1-6 and pif3-1 served as negative controls. Gene expression levels were normalized to the PP2A gene.