TABLE 2.
Unadjusted (single variable) and adjusted (multivariable) regression analyses comparing left atrial and ventricular echocardiographic parameters in daily biomass fuel users and non-users adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, height, physical activity, pack-years of tobacco use, and diabetes in Puno, Peru. We used linear regression models for all echocardiographic parameters, with the exception for diastolic dysfunction grade where we used ordinal logistic regression
| Echocardiographic parameters | Single variable model (95% CI) | P-value | Multivariable model (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular internal diameter, diastole, cm | 0.10 (−0.06, 0.26) | .20 | 0.23 (0.08, 0.38) | .004 |
| Left ventricular internal diameter, systole, cm | 0.08 (−0.9, 0.25) | .37 | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.32) | .12 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic volume, mL | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | .59 | 1.10 (1.05, 1.16) | <.001 |
| Left ventricular end systolic volume, mL | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | .34 | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) | <.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | −0.89 (−2.57, 0.78) | .29 | −0.95 (−2.79, 0.88) | .31 |
| Left ventricular mass, g (exponentiated form) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | .29 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | .57 |
| Left atrial diameter, cm | 0.03 (−0.13, 0.19) | .70 | 0.18 (0.02, 0.33) | .03 |
| Left atrial area, four-chamber, cm2 | 0.58 (−0.67, 1.84) | .36 | 1.80 (0.57, 3.03) | .004 |
| Left atrial area, two-chamber, cm2 | 0.46 (−0.96, 1.89) | .52 | 1.67 (0.34, 3.01) | .01 |
| E/A ratio (exponentiated form) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | .28 | 1.03 (1.02, 1.17) | .01 |
| Lateral E′, cm/s | 0.43 (−0.20, 1.50) | .13 | 0.71 (0.04, 1.38) | .04 |
| Lateral A′, cm/s | −0.26 (−0.92, 0.40) | .44 | −0.20 (−0.87, 0.48) | .57 |
| Lateral S′, cm/s | −0.10 (−0.68, 0.48) | .73 | −0.10 (−0.71, 0.51) | .74 |
| Septal E′, cm/s (exponentiated form) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.18) | .05 | 1.10 (1.03, 1.19) | .006 |
| Septal A′, cm/s | 0.58 (0.04, 1.12) | .04 | 0.37 (−0.17, 0.91) | .18 |
| Sepal S′, cm/s | 0.29 (0.17, 0.74) | .22 | 0.25 (−0.21, 0.70) | .29 |
| Diastolic Dysfunction Grade, Odds ratio | 0.73 (0.40, 1.32) | .30 | 0.41 (0.17, 0.96) | .04 |
| Left atrial strain (two-chamber), % | −0.14 (3.29, −3.57) | .93 | 0.52 (4.28, −3.25) | .79 |
| Left atrial strain (four-chamber), % | 0.54 (4.20, −3.12) | .77 | 0.80 (4.60, 2.99) | .68 |
| Left ventricular strain (global longitudinal), % | 0.47 (−0.17, 1.12) | .15 | 0.47 (−0.25, 1.18) | .20 |
| Left ventricular strain (four-chamber), % | 0.04 (−0.85, 0.93) | .93 | 0.09 (−0.89, 1.07) | .87 |
| Left ventricular strain (three-chamber), % | −0.17 (−1.25, 0.91) | .76 | 0.06 (−1.15, 1.26) | .93 |
| Left ventricular strain (two-chamber), % | 1.36 (0.51, 2.20) | .002 | 1.25 (0.28, 2.22) | .01 |