Porous silicon microparticles (PSM) for immunotherapy. a) Inhibition of tumor growth (primary breast cancer) in control mice and mice treated with PSM, antigen-loaded PSM (PSM/antigen), dendritic cells (DC) primed with antigen (DC + antigen), or DC primed with PSM-antigen. Reproduced from 69 with permission. b) Schematic illustrating the mechanism by which PSM elicits an immune response. PSM enhances antigen cross presentation in dendritic cells (DCs) by endosomal delivery of antigens and by activating type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. APTES, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. MHC-I, major histocompatibility complex-I; TCR, T cell receptor.