Table 1.
Strains of S. pneumoniae among children under the age of 7 years.
| n (%) - [most prevalent serotype] |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Country (year) | Study population (N) | PCV7a | PCV10-specific [1, 5, 7F] | PCV13-specific [3, 6A, 19A] | PPV23-specific serotypesb | NV serotypes |
| IPD in Africa Eastern Mediterranean Region | |||||||
| Ben-Shimol et al. 20147 | Israel (2012–13) | Children <5 y with IPD (155) | 12 (7.7)–[NS] | 37 (23.9) - [NS]c | — | 106 (68.4) - [NS]d | |
| Ben-Shimol et al. 20158 | Israel (2012–13) | Children <5 y with IPD (NS) | 7.0% [6B, 14] | 11.1% [5] | 14.4% [19A] | 12F: 26.2% • 15B/C: 8% • 33F: 5.3% 10A: 2.1% | 15A: 2.7% • 10B: 2.1% • other: 21.1% |
| von Gottberg et al. 20149 | South Africa (2012) | IPD children < 2 y (373) | 77 (20.6)–[19F] | 34 (9.1)–[5] | 57 (15.3) -[19A] | 8: 9.7% • 15B: 6.4% • 12F: 3.8% 9N: 2.4% | 7C: 2.1% • 13: 0.8% • 34: 1.6% -other: 28.2% |
| Ba et al. 201410 | Senegal (2007–08) | NP carriage and IPD among children <2 y (132) | 49 (37.1)–[6B, 19F] | 4 (3.0)–[1] | 18 (13.6)–[6A] | 11A: 5.3% • 15B: 3.8% • 10A; 20: 3.0% | 23B: 1.5% • 9A; 9L; 18B; 18F; 19B; 23A: 0.8% • NT: 20.5% |
| 8; 12F; 22F: 0.8% • Other: 2.3% | |||||||
| Ndlangisa et al. 201411 | South Africa (2007) | Children < 5 y with IPD (1084) | 637 (58.8)–[14] | 58 (5.4)–[1] | 233 (21.5)–[6A] | — | 157 (14.5)–[NS]d |
| IPD in Asia Pacific Region | |||||||
| Wei et al. 201512 | Taiwan (2013) | Children ≤ 5 y old with IPD (134) | 27 (20.1)–[14] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 73 (54.5)–[19A] | — | 34 (25.4)–[NS]d |
| Chiba et al. 201413 | Japan (2012) | Children <4 y old with IPD (144) | 18 (12.5)–[NS] | — | — | — | 126 (87.5) – [NS]e |
| Cho et al. 201414 | South Korea (2006–10) | Children <5 y old with IPD (110) | 47 (42.7)–[NS] | 1 (0.9)–[NS] | 37 (33.6)–[NS] | — | 25 (22.7)–[NS]d |
| IPD in Europe | |||||||
| Skoczynska et al. 20146 | Poland (2011–13) | Children 0–4 y old with IPD (145) | 81 (55.9)–[14] | 7 (4.8)–[1] | 27 (18.6)–[19A] | 15B/C: 6.9% • 10A; 11A: 2.8% 22F: 1.4% • 8: 0.7% | 10 (6.9)–[NS] |
| Lepoutre et al. 201515 | France (2012) | Children < 2 y old with IPD (201) | 13 (6.5)–[19F] | 14 (7.0)–[7F] | 16 (8.0)–[19A] | 12F: 9.5% • 15B: 7.0% • 22F: 5.0% | 24F: 19.9% • 15A: 6.5% • 15C: 2.0% |
| 6C: 0.5% • other: 28.4% | |||||||
| Aguiar et al. 201416 | Portugal (2008–12) | Children <5 y old with IPD (283) | 75 (26.5)–[14] | 58 (20.5)–[7F] | 78 (27.6)–[19A] | — | 72 (25.4)–[NS] |
| Del Amo et al. 201417 | Spain (2007–11) | Children ≤ 6 y old hospitalized with IPD (159) | 22 (13.8)–[19F] | 89 (56.0)–[1] | 46 (28.9)–[19A] | 22F: 1.9% • 10A: 1.3% • 8; 15B: 0.6% | 23B: 3.1% • 15A; 15C; 16F; 24F: 1.3% |
| 6C; 24B; 28; 38: 0.6% | |||||||
| Navarro-Torne et al. 201518 | Europe (26 countries −2010) | Children < 5 y old with IPD (570) | 107 (18.8)–[NS] | 329 (57.7)–[NS]c | — | 134 (23.5)–[NS]d | |
| Navarro-Torne et al. 201419 | Europe (21 countries −2010) | Children < 5 y old with IPD (NS) | 19.2%–[NS] | 26.9%–[NS] | 27.0%–[NS] | — | 26.9% -[NS]d |
| del Amo et al. 201420 | Spain (2007–9) | Children ≤ 5 y old hospitalized with IPD (141) | 18 (12.8)–[14] | 62 (44.0)–[1] | 53 (37.6)–[19A] | 10A; 15B/C; 22F: 0.7% | 23B: 1.4% • 15A/F; 24B; other: 0.7% |
| IPD in Latin America | |||||||
| Echániz-Avilés et al. 201521 | Mexico (2012) | Children ≤ 5 y old hospitalized with IPD (105) | 22 (21.0)–[19F] | 5 (4.8)–[1] | 47 (44.8)–[19A] | — | 31 (29.5)–[NS]c |
| Abate et al. 201422 | Argentina (1993–2011) | Children 0–11 months old hospitalized with IPD (96) | 45 (46.9)–[14] | 27 (28.1)–[5] | 12 (12.5)–[19A] | 8: 3.1% | 10F; 28A: 2.1% |
| Others (totaling 5.2%): 2, 7C, 11, 12, 15B, 16A, 18A, 18B, 20, 35F, 42 | |||||||
| Parra et al. 201423 | Colombia (2009–10) | Children <2 y old with IPD (950) | 252 (26.5)–[14] | 100 (10.5)–[1] | 100 (10.5)–[3] | 12F: 1.6% • 8: 1.1% • 9N: 0.9% | 16F: 1.2% • 6C; 23A: 0.7% |
| 11A; 22F: 0.7% • 17F: 0.6% • 10A: 0.5% | 13; 15A; 18A; 34: 0.6% • 15C; 23B; 25A; 28A; 35B: 0.4% • other: 38.8% | ||||||
| 15B: 0.3% • 33F: .02% • 20: 0.1% | |||||||
| IPD in USA/Canada | |||||||
| Moore et al. 201524 | United States (2012–13) | Children <5 y old with IPD (177) | 14 (7.9)–[19F] | 4 (2.3)–[7F] | 23 (13.0)–[19A] | 22F: 11.3% • 33F: 9.6% | 38: 9.0% • 35B: 7.9% • 15C: 6.8% |
| 15B: 7.3% • 12F: 4.0% | 23B: 5.1% • 6C: 1.7% • other: 18.1% | ||||||
| De Wals et al. 201425 | Canada (2011) | Children <5 y old with IPD (87) | 0 (0)–[NA] | 8 (9.2)–[7F] | 32 (36.8)–[19A] | — | 48 (55.2)–[NS]c |
| Sader et al. 201426 | USA (2011–12) | Children <2 y old with IPD (3199) | 205 (6.4)–[19F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 680 (21.3)–[19A] | 15B/C: 11.8% • 33F: 2.7% | 23A: 10.6% • 6C: 7.2% • 35B: 6.3% |
| 9N; 22F: 2.0% • 17F: 1.8% | 23B: 5.6% • 21: 4.1% • 15A/F: 1.3% | ||||||
| other: 10.2% | other: 6.7% | ||||||
| non-IPD in Africa Eastern Mediterranean Region | |||||||
| Ben-Shimol et al. 201427 | Israel (2012–13) | Children <2 y old with OM (80) | 7 (8.8)–[NS]e | 12 (15.0)–[NS]c | — | 61 (76.3)–[NS]d | |
| Dagan et al. 201528 | Israel (2012–13) | Healthy infants ≤ 2 y old (5049) | 1074 (21.3)–[6B] | 35 (0.7)–[7F] | 794 (15.7)–[19A] | 15B/C: 8.4% • 11A: 4.1% • 17F: 2.0% | 35B: 4.6% • 16F: 4.3% • 15A: 3.6% |
| 10A: 1.8% • 33F: 1.1% • 22F: 1.0% | 23A: 3.1% • 34: 2.9% • 21: 2.2% | ||||||
| 9N; 12F; 20: 0.5% • 8: 0.4% | 6C; 23B; 38: 2.1% • 10B: 2.0% | ||||||
| 31: 1.9% • 13: 1.2% • 19B: 1.1% | |||||||
| other: 8.6% | |||||||
| Nzenze et al. 201529 | South Africa (2012–13) | NPC among children ≤ 4 y old born of HIV positive and negative mothers (1283) | 128 (10.0)–[19F] | 4 (0.3)–[1] | 57 (2.5)–[19A] | 15B: 4.4% • 11A: 3.8%e | 16F: 3.6% • 15A: 3.4% • 34: 2.7% |
| 35B: 2.3% • Other NS: 65.1%e | |||||||
| Hammitt et al. 201430 | Kenya (2012) | NPC among children <5 y old (129) | 21 (16.3) [NS]g | — | — | 108 (83.7) [NS]h | |
| Daana et al. 201531 | West Bank Palestine/East Jerusalem (2011) | NPC among children ≤ 5 y old (916) | 354 (38.6)–[19F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 146 (15.9)–[6A] | 15B/C: 7.4% • 11A; 17F: 4.2% | 35B: 5.1% • 15A: 3.3% • 6C: 1.9% |
| 19B; 33: 1.8% • 23A: 1.4% • 23B: 0.9% | |||||||
| Other NS: 13.9%d | |||||||
| Nunes et al. 201532 | South Africa (2009) | NPC among children <4 y old (201) | 31 (15.4)–[NS] | 26 (12.9)–[19A]c | — | 61 (30.3)–[NS]d | |
| non-IPD in Asia Pacific Region | |||||||
| Geng et al. 201433 | China (2012–13) | NPC among children <5 y old admitted with respiratory infection (178) | 128 (71.9)–[19F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 32 (18.0)–[19A] | 15B/C: 6.2% | 15A; 34; NT: 1.1% • 23A: 0.6% |
| Hoskins et al. 201434 | Australia (2011–13) | NPC among sick Aboriginal children <5 y old (197) | 27 (13.7)–[19F] | 2 (1.1)–[1] | 23 (11.7)–[19A] | 11A: 7.5% • 15B: 5.9% • 9N; 10A: | 16F: 8.6% • 6C: 7.5% • 21: 5.4% |
| 2.2% 17F; 22F; 33F: 1.1% • 8: 0.5% | 15C: 4.8% • 23B: 4.3% • 35B: 3.9% | ||||||
| 7B: 3.2% • 23A; 29: 2.7% • 38: 1.8% | |||||||
| 15A: 1.6% • 18A; 34; 35F: 1.1% • 7C; 10F; 22A; 31: 0.5% | |||||||
| Ho et al. 201535 | Hong Kong (2010–13) | NPC among hospitalized children <5 y old (156) | 45 (28.8)–[19F] | 1 (0.6)–[5] | 22 (14.1)–[6A] | 15B: 10.3% • 11A; 17F; 22F; 33F: 0.6% | 15C: 9.6% • 6C: 7.1% • 15A: 5.1% |
| 23A: 3.2% • 34; 35B: 2.6% • 11D: 1.3% 28A; 35F: 1.3% • 15F; 13; 18A; 21; 29: 0.6% • Other NS/NT: 6.4% | |||||||
| Kandasamy et al. 201536 | Nepal (2012) | NPC among healthy children between 6 weeks and 2 y old (304) | 63 (20.7)–[14] | 1 (0.3)–[5] | 29 (9.5)–[6A] | 15B: 3.9% • 10A: 2.3% • 17F: 2.0% | 11D; 35A: 2.3% • 34; 35B; 35F: 2.0% |
| 8; 9N; 20; 22F: 1.0% | 6C; 13; 35C; 23A; 33B: 1.6% | ||||||
| 11A; 12F; 33F: 0.3% | |||||||
| 7C; 16F; 39: 1.3% • 7B; 15A; 15C; 21; 45 1.0% • 25 serotypes: <1% | |||||||
| Other NS/NT: 19.4% | |||||||
| Khoshdel et al. 201437 | Iran (2010–11) | NPC among healthy children <5 y old (107) | 38 (35.5)–[23F] | — | — | — | — |
| Farida et al. 201438 | Indonesia (2010) | NPC among healthy children between 6 and 60 months of age (111) | 40 (36.0)–[6A/B]c | 0 (0)–[NA] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 11A; 15B/C: 9.9% | 23A: 4.5% • 15A: 1.8% |
| Others/NT: 37.8% | |||||||
| Hanieh et al. 201439 | Nepal (2009) | NPC among healthy children between 1.5 and 24 months of age (1100) | 187 (17.0)–[6A/B]c | 7 (0.6)–[1, 5] | 17 (1.5)–[19A] | 15B/C: 3.6% • 9N/L: 1.3% • 33F: 1.0% 17F: 20: 0.8% • 22F: 0.7% | 34: 2.4% • 11: 2.3% • 35B: 1.4% • 23A: 1.1% • 15A/F: 1.0% • 17 serotypes: <1% Other NS/NT: 8.8% |
| 8; 10A: 0.5% • 2: 0.2% | |||||||
| non-IPD in Europe | |||||||
| Luminos et al. 201440 | Romania (2011–13) | NPC among healthy children ≤ 5 y old (453) | 199 (43.9)–[19F] | 2 (0.4)–[NS] | 89 (19.6)–[6A] | — | 163 (36.0)–[NS]e |
| Mayanskiy et al. 201441 | Russia (2009–13) | Noninvasive SP isolates from children at hospital, median age 3.5 y (835) | 486 (58.2)–[19F] | 13 (1.6)–[7F] | 152 (18.2)–[3] | 15B: 3.5% • 11A: 3.1% • 9N: 1.4% | 23A: 2.0% • 15C: 1.6% • 37: 1.3% |
| 10A: 1.1% • 17F: 0.7% • 8: 0.5% | 35F: 0.8% • 34: 0.7% • 16F; 35C: 0.6% | ||||||
| 22F; 33F: 0.4% • 12F: 0.2% • 20: 0.1% | 15A; 23B: 0.4% • 5 serotypes: 0.2% | ||||||
| 9 serotypes: 0.1% | |||||||
| Dunais et al. 201542 | France (2012) | NPC among healthy children between 3 and 40 months of age (168) | 0 (0)–[NA] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 11 (6.5)–[19A] | 15B/C: 22.6% • 11A: 7.1% • 17F: 6.5% | 23A/B: 11.3% • 35B: 10.7% • 15A: 9.5% |
| 6C: 5.4% • Other NS/NT: 20.2% | |||||||
| Mameli et al. 201543 | Italy (2011) | NPC among healthy children aged between 3 months 5 y (124) | 2 (1.6)–[14] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 6 (4.8)–[3, 6A, 19A] | 11A: 11.3% • 10A: 8.1% • 22F: 3.2% | 15A: 23.4% • 6C; 35F: 7.3% • 23A: 5.6% |
| 12F: 1.6% • 8; 17F: 0.8% | 21; 24F; 29: 3.2% • 16A; 23B; 28F: 2.4% | ||||||
| 33: 1.6% • 5 serotypes: <1% | |||||||
| Other NS/NT: 1.6% | |||||||
| van der Linden et al. 201544 | Germany (2010–11) | NPC among children with AOM aged between 2 months and 5 y (107) | 11 (10.3)–[19F] | 2 (1.9)–[7F] | 53 (49.5)–[3] | 22F: 4.7% | 23B; 35B 3.6% • 6C: 1.8% |
| Other NS/NT: 24.3% | |||||||
| Grivea et al. 201445 | Greece (2010–11) | NPC among healthy children aged between 2 and 5 y (341) | 6 (1.8)–[19F] | 10 (2.9)–[7F] | 64 (18.8)–[19A] | 15B/C: 10.6% • 11A: 7.6% • 10A: 4.4% | 23B: 12.6% • 21; 16F: 7.6% • 15A: 7.0% |
| 22F: 2.6% • 33F: 0.9% • 20: 0.3% | 6C: 6.7% • 23A: 2.3% • 24F; 31: 1.2% | ||||||
| 7C; 33A; 35F: 0.9% • 4 serotypes: 0.3% | |||||||
| Pasinato et al. 201446 | Italy (2010–11) | NPC among children aged between 6 and 59 months (1728) | 436 (25.2)–[19F] | 272 (15.7)–[5] | 157 (9.1)–[19A] | 33F: 1.0% • 22F: 0.8% • 20: 0.2% | 23B: 1.9% • 21: 1.2% • 23A: 1.0% |
| 8: 0.1% | 16F; 35B; 29: <1% | ||||||
| Other NS/NT: 5.6% | |||||||
| Gladstone et al. 201547 | UK (2010–11) | NPC among ≤ 4 y old (99) | 1 (1.0)–[6B] | 2 (2.0)–[1, 7F] | 8 (8.1)–[19A] | 33F: 8.1% • 11A; 15B: 7.1% | 21: 12.1% • 6C: 9.1% • 35F: 9.1% |
| 23B: 8.1% • 15A: 6.1% • 16F: 4.0% | |||||||
| 23A: 4.0% • 35B: 3.0% | |||||||
| Del Amo et al. 201417 | Spain (2007–11) | SP carriage among healthy children ≤ 6 y old (209) | 30 (14.4)–[19F] | 2 (1.0)–[1] | 39 (18.7)–[19A] | 10A: 4.8% • 11A; 15B: 4.3% • 22F: | 6C: 9.1% • 23B: 8.1% • 23A: 4.3% |
| 3.8% 17F: 2.4% • 33F: 1.0% • 9N; | 34; 15A: 2.9% • 16F; 21; 35B: 2.4% | ||||||
| 12F: 0.5% | 15C; 31: 1.9% • 29: 1.4% • 35F: 1.0% | ||||||
| 7 serotypes: 0.5% | |||||||
| Alfayate-Miguélez et al. 201448 | Spain (2009–10) | NPC among children aged between 1 and 4 y (343) | 46 (13.4)–[14, 23F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 81 (23.6)–[6A] | 11A: 6.1% • 15B: 4.7% • 22F: 2.3% | 15A; 23B: 7.3% • NT: 5.0% • 6C: 4.7% |
| 33F: 2.0% • 17F: 1.2% | 23A; 35B: 4.1% • 15C: 2.6% • 35F: 1.7% | ||||||
| 9N: 0.6% • 8; 12F: 0.3% | 24F: 1.2% • 9 serotypes: <1% | ||||||
| Other NS: 2.3% | |||||||
| del Amo et al. 201420 | Spain (2007–9) | NPC among healthy children ≤ 5 y old (224) | 56 (25.0)–[6A/B]b | 19 (8.5)–[5] | 35 (15.6)–[19A] | 15B/C: 4.0% • 10A; 22F: 2.2% • 20: 1.8% | 23A: 4.5% • 6C: 4.0% • 23B: 3.6% |
| 11A/D; 17F: 1.3% • 33F: 0.9% • 2: 0.4% | 35B: 2.2% • 15A/F; 21: 1.8% | ||||||
| 13; 34: 1.3% • 16F; 31: 0.9% | |||||||
| Other NS: 14.2% | |||||||
| non-IPD in Latin America | |||||||
| Grijalva et al. 201449 | Peru (2009–11) | NPC among Andean children <3 y old with ARI (681) | 147 (21.6)–[19F] | 5 (0.7)–[1, 7F] | 40 (5.9)–[19A] | 11A: 4.7% • 10A: 4.0% • 15B: 1.6% | 6C: 4.3% • 23B: 3.1% • 13: 2.6% |
| 22F: 1.0% • 17F; 20: 33F: 0.7% | 11A/D: 2.5% • 15A: 2.1% • 15C: 1.9% | ||||||
| 8: 0.3% • 9N; 12F: 0.1% | 35B: 1.8% • 15A/F: 1.5% • 7C; 35F: 1.3% | ||||||
| 34: 1.2% • 21; 23A: 1.0% • 17 serotypes: <1% • Other NS/NT: 25.2% | |||||||
| non-IPD in North America | |||||||
| Martin et al. 201450 | US (2012–13) | NPC among children with AOM aged between 6 and 23 months (113) | 2 (1.8)–[19F, 23F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 14 (12.4)–[19A] | 15B: 10.6% • 11A: 8.0% • 10A: 2.7% | 35B: 8.8% • 15C: 7.1% • 15A: 4.4% |
| 17F: 2.7% • 2 serotypes: <1% | 40: 3.5% • 16F; 22; 33; 35F: 2.7% | ||||||
| 19B; 25A; 34; 37; 44: 0.9% | |||||||
| Other NS: 21.3% | |||||||
| Ricketson et al. 201451 | Canada (2011–12) | NPC among healthy children < 5 y of age (183) | 5 (2.7)–[19F] | 0 (0)–[NA] | 13 (7.1)–[19A] | 11A: 13.1% • 22F: 9.3% • 15B: 7.7% | 35F: 11.5% • 23B: 7.7% • 15C; 23A: 6.0% |
| 33F: 2.2% • 9N; 10A: 1.6% • 8: 0.5% | 15A; 35B: 5.5% • 6C: 4.9% • 21: 2.7% | ||||||
| 7C: 1.1% • 6 serotypes: 0.5% | |||||||
| Gounder et al. 201452 | US (2011–12) | NPC among Alaskan children < 5 y of age (938) | 10 (1.1)–[19F] | 1 (0.1)–[7F] | 83 (8.9)–[19A] | 11A: 8.2% • 15B: 6.6% • 33F: 5.7% | 16F: 8.3% • 35B: 8.2% • 6C: 7.7% |
| 22F: 2.9% • 10A: 2.7% | 23B: 6.7% • 21: 5.3% • 15A: 4.3% | ||||||
| 9N; 17F: 1.5% • 8: 1.2% | 35F: 3.4% • 23A: 2.7% • 31: 2.0% | ||||||
| 7C: 1.8% • 34: 1.3% • 37: 1.1% | |||||||
| NT: 6.4% | |||||||
| Loughlin et al. 201453 | US (2010–11) | NPC among children < 5 y of age (1080) | 64 (6.1)–[NS] | 89 (8.5)–[NS]c | — | 927 (88.3)–[NS]d | |
| Keck et al. 201454 | US (2008–09) | NPC among Alaskan children < 5 y of age (798) | 13 (1.6)–[19F] | 43 (5.4)–[7F] | 178 (22.3)–[19A] | 22F: 7.4% • 15B: 5.1% • 11A: 3.6% | 6C: 8.1% • 23B: 7.9% • 15A: 5.9% |
| 10A: 2.7% • 33F: 2.8% • 9N: 1.0% | 16F: 4.8% • 23A: 3.6% • 35F: 3.5% | ||||||
| 17F: 0.8% • 8; 12F: 0.1% | 35B: 1.9% • 15C: 1.6% • 22A: 1.1% | ||||||
| 3 serotypes: <1% • Other NS: 5.9% | |||||||
AOM: acute otitis media; ARI: acute respiratory infection; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IPD: invasive pneumococcal disease; OM: otitis media; NA: not applicable; NPC: nasopharyngeal carriage; NS: not specified; NT: non-typeable; NV: non-vaccine; SP: S. pneumoniae.
a
PCV7 serotypes: 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F;
b
PPV23-specific serotypes: 2, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F, 33F;
c
PCV13 serotypes not found in PCV7;
d
non-PCV13 serotypes;
e
non-PCV7 serotypes;
f
includes serotype 6A;
g
PCV10 serotypes;
h
non-PCV10 serotypes