Table 1.
Population characteristics by diastolic function grades
| Normal n = 66 (64.70%) | Type I n = 21 (20.60%) | Type II n = 15 (14.70%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.8 ± 8.9 | 65.5 ± 7.5 | 64.4 ± 9.7 | 0.60 |
| 45 to 64 years | 24 (36.3) | 11 (52.3) | 7 (46.6) | 0.48* |
| 65 to 84 years | 42 (63.6) | 10 (47.6) | 8 (53.3) | 0.48* |
| Gender (male) | 26 (39.3) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (40.0) | 0.91 |
| Race | ||||
| White, Caucasian | 41 (62.0) | 11 (55.0) | 6 (40.0) | 0.25* |
| Black, African-American | 25 (38.0) | 10 (45.0) | 9 (60.0) | 0.25* |
| Weight (kg) | 77.5 ± 15.1 | 80.3 ± 19.4 | 80.3 ± 22.2 | 0.73 |
| Height (cm) | 168.0 ± 9.4 | 166.0 ± 11.2 | 166.1 ± 9.7 | 0.65 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 5.7 | 28.2 ± 7.1 | 0.71 |
| BSA | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.89 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 27 (40.9) | 9 (42.8) | 5 (33.3) | 0.37* |
| Former | 33 (50.0) | 12 (57.1) | 7 (46.6) | 0.37* |
| Current | 6 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (20.0) | 0.37* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 18.7 | 119.8 ± 14.6 | 121.3 ± 25.9 | 0.91 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.2 ± 11.2 | 66.3 ± 10.6 | 69.1 ± 10.7 | 0.21 |
| Hypertension (%) | 33 (50.0) | 7 (33.3) | 9 (60.0) | 0.28* |
| Any hypertension medication | 31 (46.9) | 6 (28.5) | 9 (60.0) | 0.20* |
| Diabetes (%) | 3 (4.5) | 2 (9.5) | 3 (20.0) | 0.11* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 111.9 ± 60.5 | 100.3 ± 67.3 | 101.3 ± 54.8 | 0.68 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.5 ± 32.3 | 109.1 ± 34.2 | 112.4 ± 42.9 | 0.95 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 58.9 ± 18.4 | 62.4 ± 24.9 | 52.6 ± 12.0 | 0.33 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.8 ± 38.5 | 191.5 ± 38.8 | 185.2 ± 52.7 | 0.81 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 21 (31.8) | 4 (19.0) | 2 (13.0) | 0.26* |
| Echocardiographic measurements | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 64.8 ± 9.6 | 65.0 ± 9.4 | 62.6 ± 5.7 | 0.66 |
| End-diastolic diameter (mm) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 0.44 |
| Diastolic septal thickness (mm) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.18 |
| Diastolic inferolateral thickness (mm) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.66 |
| CMR measurements | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 65.2 ± 10.4 | 66.4 ± 9.7 | 61.6 ± 5.5 | 0.31 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 69.0 ± 7.3 | 70.7 ± 7.0 | 70.6 ± 10.2 | 0.51 |
| End-diastolic volume (mL) | 106.8 ± 24.4 | 110.6 ± 28.7 | 99.6 ± 22.1 | 0.43 |
| End-systolic volume (mL) | 33.8 ± 13.6 | 33.5 ± 14.2 | 28.8 ± 10.6 | 0.42 |
| LV mass (g) | 124.8 ± 34.4 | 132.5 ± 38.2 | 121.8 ± 26.2 | 0.59 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 73.0 ± 15.1 | 76.5 ± 18.0 | 73.1 ± 17.5 | 0.67 |
BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance; LV: left ventricular. Note:
*
Fisher’s exact test was used to compare proportions between diastolic severity grades.