Table 1.

Participant characteristics

	Total Cohort N=315	High HOMA-IR n=147	Normal HOMA-IR n=168	pa
Demographics
Race (n; black)b	159	95	64	<0.001
Sex (n, female)b	154	86	68	0.001
Age (years)	11.3 ± 1.2	11.2 ± 1.3	11.5 ± 1.2	0.067
Sexual maturation stage	2.4 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.5	0.022
Anthropometrics
Height (cm)	150.7 ± 9.3	151.5 ± 9.3	150.1 ± 9.3	0.175
Weight (kg)	47.4 ± 12.1	52.1 ± 12.4	43.3 ± 10.3	<0.001
BMI-for-age (percentile)	68.2 ± 29.3	81.0 ± 21.5	57.0 ± 30.7	<0.001
Tibia length (cm)	35.0 ± 3.5	35.7 ± 3.2	34.3 ± 3.7	<0.001
Body Composition
FFST (kg)	30.5 ± 6.9	31.7 ± 6.4	29.3 ± 7.1	0.002
Fat mass (kg)	14.7 ± 7.3	17.9 ± 8.0	11.9 ± 5.3	<0.001
Percent body fat (%)	31.0 ± 9.4	34.6 ± 9.5	27.9 ± 8.1	<0.001
MCSA (mm2)	4848.8 ± 1050.0	5071.4 ± 998.6	4655.7 ± 1058.1	<0.001
Serum Biochemistries
Insulin (uU/mL)	19.9 ± 10.1	27.3 ± 10.2	13.4 ± 3.3	<0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	89.0 ± 7.1	91.3 ± 7.2	87.0 ± 6.5	<0.001
HOMA-IR	4.4 ± 2.4	6.2 ± 2.4	2.9 ± 0.7	<0.001
IGF-I (ng/mL)	232.4 ± 97.9	256.3 ± 107.3	211.5 ± 83.7	<0.001
Cortical Bone
Ct.vBMD (mg/cm3)	1062.6 ± 35.0	1066.7 ± 35.0	1059.1 ± 34.8	0.060
Ct.BMC (mg/mm)	252.2 ± 47.8	262.0 ± 48.0	243.7 ± 46.1	0.001
Tt.Ar (mm2)	446.6 ± 86.5	464.8 ± 87.2	430.8 ± 83.0	0.001
Ct.Ar (mm2)	237.4 ± 44.5	245.4 ± 43.1	230.4 ± 44.5	0.003
Ct.Th (mm)	3.8 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.5	0.116
Peri.Circ (mm)	74.6 ± 7.2	76.1 ± 7.2	73.3 ± 6.9	0.001
Endo.Circ (mm)	50.9 ± 6.7	52.1 ± 6.9	49.8 ± 6.3	0.003
pSSI (mm3)	1684.2 ± 467.0	1786.7 ± 475.9	1594.9 ± 441.5	<0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated

^aTest of between-group significance based on independent samples t-test

^bTest of between-group significance based on X-square test