TABLE 2.

Measurement of gene expression in SzS or MF patient samples

Candidate genes	Sample size and typea	Methodb	Diagnostic value/outcome	Ref
T-plastin (PLS3)	PBMCs: 18 SzS, 9 Th2-skewed controls	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Increased 14-fold in SzS compared with controls based on array and 479-fold based on qRT-PCR	[95]
	PBMCs: 49 SzS, 69 HD, 3 IE	qRT-PCR	Increased 520-fold in SzS compared with controls	[56]
	PBMCs: 10 SzS, 10 HD	Microarray, qRT-PCR	0.89 AUC for discrimination between SzS and controls with sensitivity 0.82 and specificity 0.91	[96]
	CD4+ T cells: 81 SzS, 12 HD	qRT-PCR	Increased 145-fold in SzS compared with HD samples and positive in 87% of SzS patients	[57]
	CD4+ T cells: 9 SzS, 4 HD; skin biopsies: 2 SzS, 4 MF, 9 psoriasis	qRT-PCR, IHC	Increased 270-fold in SzS compared with controls, PLS3 detected in infiltrate on MF/SzS biopsy but not psoriasis	[97]
JUNB	Peripheral blood ± skin biopsies: 26 SzS, 13 MF	Real-time PCR, IHC	26% of SzS/MF had increased copy number of JUNB, 91% of SzS/MF had strong nuclear staining of JUNB	[71]
	PBMCs: 18 SzS, 9 Th2-skewed controls	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Increased fivefold in SzS compared with controls based on array and 10-fold based on qRT-PCR	[95]
	PBMCs: 49 SzS, 69 HD, 3 IE	qRT-PCR	Increased 4.3-fold in SzS compared with controls	[56]
GATA3	PBMCs: 49 SzS, 69 HD, 3 IE	qRT-PCR	Increased 6.4-fold in SzS compared with controls	[56]
	PBMCs: 18 SzS, 9 Th2-skewed controls	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Increased 2.5-fold in SzS compared with controls based on array and sevenfold based on qRT-PCR	[95]
SATB1	CD4+CD7− T cells: 9 SzS; CD4+ T cells: 9 HD	Microarray, qRT-PCR, WB	Decreased 4.2-fold in SzS samples compared with controls based on array, confirmed by qRT-PCR and WB	[98]
	PBMCs: 10 SzS; CD4+ T cells: 5 IE, 3 HD	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Decreased 4.6-fold in SzS compared with controls based on array, confirmed by qRT-PCR	[99]
	Skin biopsies: 90 MF, 19 benign lesional skin	IHC	Higher expression of SATB1 in MF compared with controls, and SATB1 higher in patients with lymph node involvement	[100]
STAT4	PBMCs: 49 SzS, 69 HD, 3 IE	qRT-PCR	Decreased 4.7-fold in SzS compared with controls	[56]
	PBMCs: 18 SzS, 9 Th2-skewed controls	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Decreased 3.7-fold in SzS compared with controls based on array and 4.5-fold based on qRT-PCR	[95]
	Skin biopsies: 60 MF/SzS, 19 benign lesional skin, 6 HD, 19 benign lesional skin	qRT-PCR, WB	STAT4 was expressed in MF/SzS lesional skin but not normal skin or benign lesions, loss of STAT4 was associated with progressive disease	[101]
Twist1	PBMCs: 10 SzS; CD4+ T cells: 5 IE, 3 HD; skin biopsies: 9 MF, 24 benign lesions	Microarray, qRT-PCR	Increased 19.8-fold in SzS compared with controls based on array, Overexpressed in all SzS and 4/9 MF samples by qRT-PCR but not control lesional skin	[99]
	CD4+ T cells: 81 SzS, 12 HD	qRT-PCR	Increased 150-fold in SzS compared with HD samples and positive in 91% of SzS patients	[57]
	Skin biopsies: 68 MF/SzS, 3 HD, 3 psoriasis, 3 SCC; CD4+ T cells: 5 SzS	IHC, qRT-PCR	Twist was found in 12.5% of T1, 33.3% of T2, 50.0% of T3, 84.6% of T4 biopsies by IHC. All SzS and no HD had expression of Twist by qRT-PCR in CD4+ T cells	[102]
Fas	CD4+ T cells: 16 MF, 4 SzS, 25 benign lesions, 15 HD	Flow cytometry	Fas expression was lower in MF/SzS compared with controls, Fas increased after response to treatment	[103]
	Skin biopsies: 23 MF, 10 LyP, 10 CD30+ LTCL, 9 CD30-LTCL	IHC	Fas expression present in 100% of plaque-stage MF, LyP and CD30+ LTCL, but only 33% of tumor-stage MF. Decrease in Fas was observed with progression.	[104]
TOX	CD4+ cells: 9 SzS, 4 HD; skin biopsies: 2 SzS, 4 MF, 9 psoriasis	qRT-PCR, IHC	Increased sevenfold in SzS compared with HD on qRT-PCR, Strong nuclear staining of TOX on IHC in MF/SzS but not psoriasis	[97]
	Skin biopsies: 21 MF, 15 benign lesional skin, 21 HD	Microarray, qRT-PCR, IF, IHC	Increased 10.3-fold in MF compared with HD, confirmed with qRT-PCR, highly specific staining of TOX in MF biopsies on IHC and IF	[105]

^aSample type abbreviations include Sézary syndrome (SzS), mycosis fungoides (MF), inflammatory erythroderma (IE), healthy donors (HD), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), large T-cell lymphoma (LTCL).

^bMethodology abbreviations include quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF).