Table 2.
Plant-derived compounds and plant extracts reported during 2005–2015 against multi-drug-resistant pathogens
| Compound/extract | Plant | Source | Target | Reported country | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aqueous alkaloid, organic alkaloid and non-alkaloid | Rhazya stricta | Leaves | MRSA | Saudi Arabia | Khan et al. (2016) |
| Aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane | Alkanna tinctoria | Leaves | MRSA, MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli and P. aeruginosa | Pakistan | Khan et al. (2015) |
| Dehydroabietic acid | P. elliottii | Resin-oil | MDR-Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, E. faecium and E. faecalis | Brazil | Leandro et al. (2014) |
| Dichloromethane, methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water | Lantana camara L. | Leaves | MRSA, VRE, MDR-A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris | India | Dubey and Padhy (2013) |
| Petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, ethanol and water | Butea monosperma Lam. | Leaves | MRSA, VRSA | India | Sahu and Padhy (2013) |
| Ethanol and water | Anthocephalus cadamba and Pterocarpus santalinus | Leaves and bark | MDR-Acinetobacter sp., P. aeruginosa, C. freundii and Proteus sp. | India | Dubey et al. (2012) |
| Ethanol | Rhus coriaria | Seeds | MDR-P. aeruginosa | Palestine | Adwan et al. (2010) |
| (+)-Lyoniresinol-3 alpha-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside | Lycium chinense Mill. | Roots and bark | MRSA | China | Lee et al. (2005) |
| Baicalin | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. | NA | Synergistic effect with β-lactam-resistant strains of S. aureus, synergies between baicalein, tetracycline, β-lactams and ciprofloxacin against MRSA and inhibit MRSA-pyruvate kinase | China | Chan et al. (2011) |
| Sophoraflavanone G, 7,9,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-8-isopentenyl-5-methoxychalcone | Sophora flavescens | Roots | MRSA, VRE | China | Cha et al. (2009), Lee et al. (2010) |
| Chloroform and chloroform + HCl | Andrographis paniculata | NA | MRSA | India | Roy et al. (2010) |
| Hexane | Sclerocarya birrea | Seeds | MRSA | Malaysia | Mariod et al. (2010) |
| Cold and hot aqueous and ethanol | Terminalia chebula Retz. | Dried seedless ripe fruits | MRSA, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole-resistant uropathogenic E. coli | India | Bag et al. (2009) |
| 20-Hydroxyecdysone | Achyranthes japonica | Roots | MRSA | South Korea | Kim et al. (2009) |
| Aqueous and ethanol | Fabiana bryoides, F. densa, F. punensis, Baccharis boliviensis, Chuquiraga atacamensis, Parastrephia lepidophylla, P. lucida, L. phyliciformis, Frankenia triandra, Chiliotrichiopsis keidelii | Aerial parts | MRSA, MSSA, MRSCN, MSSCN and MDR-E. faecalis | Argentina | Zampini et al. (2009) |
| Limonoids | Swietenia mahagoni | Seeds | MRSA, MDR-Group A haemolytic S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi | Bangladesh | Rahman et al. (2009) |
| Water | Punica granatum | Pomegranate rind | MRSA, MSSA, PVL-positive-CA-MSSA | London | Gould et al. (2009) |
| Commercial extract (NA) | Olea europaea | Leaves | MRSA | Australia | Sudjana et al. (2009) |
| Ellagic acid, norwogonin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, corilagin and terchebulin | Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria baicalensis and Terminalia chebula | Commercial plant powder | MDR-A. baumannii | USA | Miyasaki et al. (2013) |
| Triterpenes | Planchonia careya | Leaves | MRSA, VRE | Australia | McRae et al. (2008) |
| Butanol | Retama raetam | Flowers | MRSA | Tunisia | Hayet et al. (2008) |
| Ethanol | Atuna racemosa | Seeds | MRSA | USA | Buenz et al. (2007) |
| Methanol | Callistemon rigidus | Leaves | MRSA | India | Gomber and Saxena (2007) |
| Diterpenoids | Croton tonkinensis | Leaves | MRSA | Vietnam | Giang et al. (2006) |
| Aqueous and 80% ethanol | Rosa damascena, Melissa officinalis and Mentha longifolia | Aerial parts and flowers | MRSA | Palestine | Abu-Shanab et al. (2006) |
| Aqueous and ethanol | Terminalia avicennioides, Bridella ferruginea, Ageratum conyzoides, Phyllanthus discoideus, Ocimum gratissimum and Acalypha wilkesiana | Leaves and bark | MRSA | Nigeria | Akinyemi et al. (2005) |
MRSA methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MDR multi-drug-resistant, VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VRSA vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, MSSA methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, MRSCN methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase negative, MSSCN methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus coagulase negative, PVL-positive-CA-MSSA Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive community-acquired MSSA, NA not accessed