Fig. 2. Expression pluripotency markers (Oct3/4, Sox2, and Nanog) of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs). Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR; A) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR; B), the expressions of stemness genes of cAD-MSCs were examined in two age groups (young and old) at passage 3. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping control gene. All mRNA data were normalized to the GAPDH levels, and the relative fold change in expression level is shown as a mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05. YAD, 7-month-old dogs; OAD, 10- to 11-year-old dogs.
