Fig. 3. Surface markers of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs). MSC-specific cell surface markers (positive: CD44, CD54, CD61, CD73, CD80, CD90, and CD105; not detectable: CD29, CD34, CD117, and MHC-class II) of cAD-MSCs were observed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in two age groups (young and old) at passage 3. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping control gene. All mRNA data were normalized to the levels of GAPDH, and relative fold changes in expression levels are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05. YAD, 7-month-old dogs; OAD, 10- to 11-year-old dogs.
